India Child marriage

Child marriage in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Small child brides in India Child marriage is a common practice in many countries around the world, however it is especially prevalent in India, where more than one third of all child brides live. [1] According to UNICEF, 47% of girls are married by 18 years of age, and 18% are married by 15 years of age. [2] These marriages are often performed without the consent of the girls involved in the marriage. Indian law has made child marriage illegal, but it is still widely practiced across the nation.The highest rates are seen particularly in the rural states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. [3] It affects both boys and girls, but statistics show that girls are far more likely to be forced into a child marriage than boys; however the percentage of girls forced into child marriage in India has declined in recent years. Many consider child marriage to be a human r ights violation, resulting in death, health problems, poverty, violence, and lack of education. Contents Definitions of child marriageUNICEF defines child marriage as a formal marriage or union before 18 years of age. [4] UN Women defines child marriage as a forced marriage before 18 years of age because they believe children under age 18 are incapable of giving their consent. [5] History of child marriage Political turmoil Child marriage, also known as Bal Vivaha, is believed to have begun during the medieval ages of India. At this time, the political atmosphere was turbulent and ruled by Delhi Sultans in an absolute monarchy government.The sultans had an extreme commitment to their religion and forced many to convert, causing socio-cultural unrest, and Hindu women suffered the most. These days of the Delhi Sultans produced practices such as child marriage and lowered the status of women even further. They invented the ill omen of giving birth to a female baby and believed that you ng unmarried girls caused disaster. Child marriage became a widespread cultural practice with various reasons to justify it, and many marriages were performed while the girl was still an infant. [6] Military alliancesIndian feudalistic society became present, where characteristics such as honor, rivalry, and animosity were important qualities to possess, and because of this, families and kingdoms created strong military alliances to preserve or destroy power between them. To ensure the alliance was upheld by both sides, each family exchanged a young member of their household who was reared and educated at the other family's estate. The children were the assurance that the alliance between the families was honored, but in case it wasn't enough, the families made a marriage arrangement to deepen the alliance even further.They believed the marriage wouldn't work if they waited for the young children to grow up because they could possibly pick someone outside of the alliance. If they pe rformed the marriage while the children were still young and susceptible to their parents' influence, the children would have no choice but to marry who their parents chose to strengthen the alliance. [7] The caste system The caste system is also believed to have contributed to the growth of child marriage. Castes, which are based on birth and heredity, do not allow two people to marry if they are from different castes.This system was threatened by young people's emotions and desires to marry outside their caste, so out of necessity, child marriage was created to ensure the caste system continued. [8] Laws against child marriage The Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 The Child Marriage Restraint Act, also called the Sarda Act,[9] was a law to restrict the practice of child marriage. It was enacted on April 1, 1930, extended across the whole nation, with the exceptions of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, and applied to every Indian citizen.Its goal was to eliminate the dangers plac ed on young girls who could not handle the stress of married life and avoid early deaths. This Act defined a male child as 21 years or younger, a female child as 18 years or younger, and a minor as a child of either sex 18 years or younger. The punishment for a male between 18 and 21 years marrying a child became imprisonment of up to 15 days, a fine of 1,000 rupees, or both. The punishment for a male above 21 years of age became imprisonment of up to three months and a possible fine.The punishment for anyone who performed or directed a child marriage ceremony became imprisonment of up to three months and a possible fine, unless he could prove the marriage he performed was not a child marriage. The punishment for a parent or guardian of a child taking place in the marriage became imprisonment of up to three months or a possible fine. [10] It was amended in 1940 and 1978 to continue raising the ages of male and female children. [11] The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006Coming i nto effect on November 1, 2007, the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA) was put into place to address and fix the shortcomings of the Child Marriage Restraint Act. [12] The change in name was meant to reflect the prevention and prohibition of child marriage, rather than restraining it. [13][14] The previous Act also made it difficult and time consuming to act against child marriages and did not focus on authorities as possible figures for preventing the marriages. [15] This Act kept the ages of adult males and females the same but made some significant changes to further protect the children.Boys and girls forced into child marriages as minors have the option of voiding their marriage up to two years after reaching adulthood, and in certain circumstances, marriages of minors can be null and void before they reach adulthood. All valuables, money, and gifts must be returned if the marriage is nullified, and the girl must be provided with a place of residency until she marries or becomes an adult. Children born from child marriages are considered legitimate, and the courts are expected to give parental custody with the children's best interests in mind.Any male over 18 years of age who enters into a marriage with a minor or anyone who directs or conducts a child marriage ceremony can be punished with up to two years of imprisonment or a fine. [16] — Latest Judgment Under Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 — It has been held by the Delhi High Court that Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 overrides all personal laws and governs each and every citizen of India– 2012 [Volume No. 3] JCC [Journal of Criminal Cases] Page No. 148 – IN The High Court of Delhi – Hon’ble The Acting Chief Justice ; Hon’ble Mr. Justice Sanjiv Khanna ; Hon’ble Mr. Justice V. K. Shali – Date of Judgment – 27th July, 2012 – Court on Its Own Motion [Lajja Devi] Vs. State – W. P. [Crl. ] No. 338 of 2 008 — Smt. Laxmi Devi & Anr. Vs. State [GNCT of Delhi] & Others – Cril. M. C. No. 100/2011 and Crl. M. A. No. 3737 of 2011 – Maha Dev Vs. State [GNCT of Delhi] & Anr. – W. P. [Crl. ] No. 821 of 2008 and Crl. M. A. No. 8765 of 2008 — Devender @ Babli Vs. State [GNCT of Delhi] & Anr. – W. P. [Crl. ] No. 66 of 2010 — Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – section 2[a] – Issue for Consideration – [i] What is the status of marriage under the Hindu Law when one of the parties to the marriage is below the age of 18 years prescribed under Section 5 [iii] of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and Section 2 [a] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, and [ii] When the girl is minor [but the boy has attained the age of marriage as prescribed] whether the husband can be regarded as the lawful guardian of the minor wife and claim her custody in spite of contest and claim by the parents of the girl – what is the effect of Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. — Held: – The object behind enacting the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 was to curb the menace of Child Marriage, which is still prevalent in this country and is most common in rural areas – Child Marriage is such a social evil which has the potentialities of dangers to the life and health of a female child and plays havoc in their lives, who cannot withstand the stress and strains of married life and it leads to early deaths of such minor mothers – It also reflects the chauvinistic attribute of the Indian Society- Even after the passing of the new Act i. e. – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, certain loopholes still remain, the legislations are weak as they do not actually prohibit child marriage . It can be said that though the practice of child marriage has been discouraged by the legislations but it has not been completely banned – Having regard to the legal/statutory position that stands as of now leaves us to answer first part of question No. by concluding that the marriage contracted with a female of less than 18 years of a male of less than 21 years of age would not be a void marriage but voidable one, which would become valid if no steps are taken by such court has option[s] to order otherwise [Paras 1,25,26,35,40] – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – Section 3 – The girl, if mature, cannot and should be denied her freedom and other wishes should not get negated as of she has no voice and her wishes are of no consequences – The Court while deciding, should also keep in mind that such marriages are voidable and the girl has the right to approach the Court under Section 3 of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 to get the marriage declared void till she attains the age of 20 years. Para 48 ] – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 375 & 376 – In case the girl is below 16 years, the answer is obvious that the consent does not matter – Offence under Section 376 Indian Penal Code is made out – The charge sheet cannot be quashed on the ground that she was a consenting party – However, there can be special or exceptional circumstances which may require consideration, in cases where the girl even after attaining majority affirms and reiterates her consent. [Para 49] — Indian Penal Code, 1860 – section 375 – Consummation, with the wife below the age of 15 years of age, is an offence under Section 375 – No exception can be made to the said constitutional mandate and the same has to be strictly and diligently enforce – Consent is such case is completely impartial, for consent at such a young age is difficult to conceive and accept – It makes no difference whether the girl is married or not – Personal law applicable to the parties is also immaterial. Para 50 ] — Indian Penal code, 1860 – Section 375 & 376 – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – Section 3 – If the girl is more than 16 years, and the girl makes a statement that she went with her consent and that statement and consent is without any force, coercion or undue influence, the statement could be accepted and the court will be within its power to quash the proceedings under Sections 363 or 376 Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Here again no straight jacket formulae can be applied – The court has to be cautious, for the girl has right to get marriage nullified under Section 3 of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – Attending circumstances including the maturity and understanding of the girl, social background of girl, age of the girl and boy etc. have to be taken into consideration. [Para 51] – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 363/366/376/465/467/494/497/120-B/506 Indian Penal Code – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 20 06- Section 3 – Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Section 482 – As per the ossification test, the girl/petitioner No. 1 was found between 17-19 years of age – As per the school leaving certificate, she was 17 years of age on the date when the parties solemnised marriage – Since she has given the statement that she married of her own accord to the petitioner no. and was more than 16 years of age, FIR under sections 363/366/376/465/467/494/497/120-B/506 Indian Penal Code registered against the petitioner no. 2 is quashed. — Marriage and Guardianship – In this writ petition, the question is only of validity of marriage and guardianship – Even if the age of the girl is taken as 15 years of age at the time of incident i. e. – 27. 10. 2006, she would be 21 years of age as of now – she has not filed any proceedings for declaring the marriage as void. Therefore, the marriage becomes valid now – The question of gua rdianship does not arise at this stage as she is major and during the period she was minor she resided at Nirmal Chhaya- Thus, the writ petition is disposed of in the above said terms. — Held: – As per the facts noted in Para 10 above, Shivani @ Deepika at the time of her marriage was less than 16 years of age, her date of birth being 3. 6. 1994 – It was directed that she would remain at Nirmal Chhaya – However, as the per the aforesaid date of birth i. e. – 3. 6. 1994, she has attained majority on 3. 6. 2012 – The petition was filed by Sh. Devender Kumar who married her habeas corpus was claiming her custody. She has attained majority, she is free to go anywhere – with these directions, this petition stands disposed of. [Para 56,57 & 58] — Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 which now stands repealed by Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. Para 16] – Thus, irrespective of personal laws under Act child marriages are p rohibited. – By declaring that the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 shall apply to all citizens, the parliament has intended to allow the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 to override the provisions of Hindu Marriage Act to the extent of inconsistencies between these two enactments. Similarly, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 will override the personal law. [Para 20] – Thus, the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, being a special law, will have overriding effect over the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 to the extent of any inconsistency between the two enactments.For this reason, the court took the view that Section 3 of Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 would have overriding effect over the Hindu Marriage Act and the marriage with a minor child would not be valid but voidable and would become valid if within two years from the date of attaining 18 years in the case of female and 21 years in the case of male, a petition is not filed before the D istrict Court under section 3 [1] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 for annulling the marriage. Similarly, after attaining eighteen years of age in the case of female, or twenty one years of age in the case of a male, the marriage shall become a full-fledged valid marriage. Until such an event of acceptance of the marriage or lapse of limitation period, the marriage shall continue to remain as a voidable marriage. Para 21] – If the marriage is annulled as per Section 3[1] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, the same shall take effect from the date of marriage and, in such an event, in the eye of law there shall be no marriage at all between the parties at any point of time. [Para 22] – Stronger punishments for offences under Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 have been prescribed and that the offences have also been made cognizable and non-bailable but, this does not in any event have any impact on the validity of the child marriage. †” It has made a specific provision for void marriages under certain circumstances but did not render all child marriages void. [Para 23] — Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 as noticed above is a secular law and is a latter enactment, which specifically deals with the problem of child marriages. Religion of the contracting party does not matter.Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 being a â€Å"Special Act† and being a subsequent legislation, to this extent and in case there is any conflict, will override the provisions of Hindu marriage Act or for that matter nay personal law. [Para 30] — Registration of marriage has still not been made compulsory. Compulsory registration mandates that the age of the girl and the boy getting married have to be mentioned. If implemented properly, it would discourage parents from marrying off their minor children since a written document of their ages would prove the illegality of such marriages. This would probably be able to tackle the sensitive issue of minor marriages upheld by personal laws. Para 38] —- The marriage contracted with a female of less than 18 years or a male of less than 21 years would not be a void marriage but voidable one, which would become valid if no steps are taken by such â€Å"Child† within the meaning of Section 2[a] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 under Section 3 of the said Act seeking declaration of this marriage as void. [Para 40]. CEDAW The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, commonly known as CEDAW, is an international bill attempting to end discrimination against women. Article 16, Marriage and Family Life, states that all women, as well as men, have the right to choose their spouse, to have the same responsibilities, and to decide on how many children and the spacing between them. This convention states that child marriage should not have a legal effect, all action must be taken to enforce a m inimum age, and that all marriages must be put into an official registry. 17] India signed the convention on July 30, 1980 but made the declaration that, because of the nation's size and amount of people, it's impractical to have a registration of marriages. [18] Why parents choose child marriage Parents of a child entering into a child marriage are often poor and use the marriage as a way to make her future better, especially in areas with little economic opportunities. During times of war, parents will often marry off their young child to protect her from the conflicts raging around her. Some families still use child marriage to build alliances, as they did during the medieval ages. Statistically, a girl in a child marriage has less of a chance to go to school, and parents think education will undermine her ability to be a traditional wife and mother.Virginity is an important part of Indian culture, and parents want to ensure their daughters do not have pre-marital sex, and child marriage is an easy way to fix this. [19] Consequences of child marriage Early maternal deaths Roza Olyai, an Indian gynecologist and the National Chairperson for the Adolescent Health Committee of the Federation of the Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India said, â€Å"Early marriage has many medical risks. The reproductive organs are not fully developed. The body is not ready. Teenage mothers, especially those below 18 years, risk hypertensive disorder, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, and post-partum hemorrhage. â€Å"[20]Girls who marry earlier in life are less likely to be informed about reproductive issues,[21] and because of this, pregnancy-related deaths are known to be the leading cause of mortality among married girls between 15 and 19 years of age. [22] These girls are twice more likely to die in childbirth than girls between 20 and 24 years of age. [23] Girls younger than 15 years of age are 5 times more likely to die in childbirth. [24][25] HIV and AIDS Girls enterin g into a child marriage are sometimes significantly younger than their husbands, who can be more sexually experienced. Marrying young and being sexually active can increase a girl's chance of becoming HIV-positive by more than 75%. [26] Infant healthInfants born to mothers under the age of 18 are 60% more likely to die in their first year than to mothers over the age of 19. If the children survive, they are more likely to suffer from low birth weight, malnutrition, and late physical and cognitive development. [27][28] Fertility outcomes A study conducted in India by the International Institute for Population Sciences and Macro International in 2005 and 2006 showed high fertility, low fertility control, and poor fertility outcomes data within child marriages. 90. 8% of young married women reported no use of a contraceptive prior to having their first child. 23. 9% reported having a child within the first year of marriage. 17. % reported having three or more children over the course o f the marriage. 23% reported a rapid repeat childbirth, and 15. 2% reported an unwanted pregnancy. 15. 3% reported a pregnancy termination (stillbirths, miscarriages or abortions). [29] Fertility rates are higher in slums than in urban areas. [30] Lack of education and poverty Marrying young is often associated with a lack of education and higher rates of poverty. Because of household responsibilities, pregnancy, and child rearing, young girls do not have access to schooling and income opportunities. [31] Violence Young girls in a child marriage are more likely to experience domestic violence in their marriages as opposed to older women.A study conducted in India by the International Center for Research on Women showed that girls married before 18 years of age are twice as likely to be beaten, slapped, or threatened by their husbands[32] and three times more likely to experience sexual violence. [33] Young brides often show symptoms of sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress. [34] Pr evention programs in India Apni Beti, Apna Dhan (ABAD), which translates to â€Å"Our Daughter, Our Wealth,† is one of India's first conditional cash transfer programs dedicated to delaying young marriages across the nation. In 1994, the Indian government implemented this program in the state of Haryana.On the birth of a mother's first, second, or third child, they are set to receive 500 rupees, or 11 USD, within the first 15 days to cover their post-delivery needs. Along with this, the government gives 2,500 rupees, or 55 USD, to invest in a long-term savings bond in the daughter's name, which can be later cashed for 25,000 rupees, or 550 USD, after her 18 birthday. She can only receive the money if she is not married. Anju Malhotra, an expert on child marriage and adolescent girls said of this program, â€Å"No other conditional cash transfer has this focus of delaying marriage†¦ It's an incentive to encourage parents to value their daughters. â€Å"[35]The Internati onal Center for Research on Women will evaluate Apni Beti, Apna Dhan over the course of the year 2012, when the program's initial participants turn 18, to see if the program, particularly the cash incentive, has motivated parents to delay their daughters' marriages. â€Å"We have evidence that conditional cash transfer programs are very effective in keeping girls in school and getting them immunized, but we don’t yet have proof that this strategy works for preventing marriage,† said Pranita Achyut, the program manager for Apni Beti, Apna Dhan. â€Å"If Haryana state’s approach proves to be valuable, it could potentially be scaled up to make a significant difference in many more girls’ lives – and not only in India. †[36]

Ethical Issues With Globalization

Describe at least three ethical issues resulting from globalization. Well I hope that this is somewhat of what you’re looking for because I really didn’t understand the assignment. The first issue I notice would be the Western culture and corporations putting jobs and communities at a high risk while they exploit cheap labor in the poor countries. By doing this it increase the threat to the environment. The next one would be how America is always trading, buying or helping China. For example China has cars that run off of eclectic and want to know how to make our cars. America will bargain with China and all they want is to still any secrets from use that will help them in the long run. And the last one would be how America is always running to other people help trying to figure out ways to help them and we need help as well. I know they are making some types of deals with the other states or countries if we run to their rescue.Explain the ethical risks and consequences associated with global business. One of the ethical risks would be kidnapping and bodily threats made by the other countries the United States does business with. The way that the United States are set up to do their trading and buying their employing more people in other countries than they are here in the US. At one point and time I couldn’t see how that was possible but the US is not going to trust the other country with their goods so employees are needed.

Context of Women in the 19th Century Essay

During the reign of Queen Victoria, a woman’s place was in the home, as domesticity and motherhood were considered by society at large to be a sufficient emotional fulfilment for females. These constructs kept women far away from the public sphere in most ways, but during the 19th century charitable missions did begin to extend the female role of service, and Victorian feminism emerged as a potent political force. The transformation of Britain into an industrial nation had profound consequences for the ways in which women were to be idealised in Victorian times. New kinds of work and new kinds of urban living prompted a change in the ways in which appropriate male and female roles were perceived. In particular, the notion of separate spheres – woman in the private sphere of the home and hearth, man in the public sphere of business, politics and sociability – came to influence the choices and experiences of all women, at home, at work, in the streets. As John Burgon pointed out in 1884, â€Å"Women’s strength lies in her essential weakness† (Burstyn 1980: 33), according to him, women are said to be men’s conscience and their strength is pureness in spirit. Inevitably, men’s and women’s tasks are likewise clearly distinguished. A man is expected to earn money, make it available to his wife, mother, daughters and sisters. Women’s tasks on the other hand, are overseeing the education and care of their children, shopping, organizing the household and by providing tranquility in a peaceful and comfortable home. A woman’s work is performed inside the sheltering house: it is spiritual and educational as it consists of teaching good virtues and moral values through her tenderness – the woman is to be the â€Å"moral guardian of society† (Burstyn 1980: 99) A women in the Victorian age who does not have to work is a status symbol for husband and family. The more well-off a family and the greater its economic success are deciding factors in how much leisure a woman can afford. Working middle-class women who had to make their own living came from socially deprived families and were treated with contempt. Excluded from the financial world, women depend completely on men. The denial of women being capable of experiencing passion and of having the natural ability to learn and to be suitable for a higher education leads to a general captivity of women, that many do not realize at all. Grace Pool in ‘Jane Eyre’ hardly ever leaves the attic, and both Adele and Georgiana are only concerned with their beauty and luxury. Helen Burns endures constant submission and takes refuge in religion. Other women, however, revolt against this assumption – not without result. As a women longing for fulfillment, Jane Eyre finds herself in captivity, imposed upon by society. This idea is symbolised through the red-room scene. Faced with her aunt’s degradation and injustice, Jane’s situation is best portrayed in this scene. As an unjust punishment Jane is locked up in a mysterious room and bound with a pair of female garters that symbolise her fate – one that women in Victorian England often face: ignorance, passivity, reserve, submission and stillness. Women are given no space for self opinion or free development of their own personality. â€Å"It’s only on condition of perfect submission and stillness that I shall liberate you,† Aunt Reed warns her (Bronte 2005: 16), but Jane can neither stand submission nor â€Å"endure patiently† (Bronte 2005: 67). Jane’s strong will to fight is symbolised by the â€Å"hot fire† (Bronte 2005: 503) inside her. â€Å"Suffer and be still† (Vicinus 1972) becomes a guiding principle of feminists who revolt and bring into conscience the doctrine of their society. That Jane cannot identify herself with the traditional ideal of women proves her utterance: â€Å"Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; [†¦] they suffer [†¦] precisely as men would suffer† (Bronte 2005: 141). While more and more women become conscious of their situation and slowly start to take action, other circumstances accelerate the progress towards equality of men and women in English society when the â€Å"woman question† comes up. To understand the social situation in which ‘Jane Eyre’ is set and why Jane is such an extraordinary and revolutionizing character, one needs to briefly examine how society is constructed at that time.

Has Social Media Caused Moral Decay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Has Social Media Caused Moral Decay - Essay Example One may ask what social media is or what it entails. There are different forms of social media for instance twitter, YouTube and Face book these are a few of the social media, which have greatly influenced the people in today,’s society (Wheeldon n.d). Recent research has shown that social media brings fresh blood to people’s lives. For instance, it provides a platform for people from all parts of the world to exchange ideas with this; people are able to enlarge their social circles. Although social media has both positive and negative impacts on people, it has made the world a better place to live in. The essay will bring out that social media is not responsible for the moral decay in today’s society it will bring out both negative and positive effects of social media in order to bring out the counter argument appropriately. Thesis statement Social media is to blame for the moral decay in the society. 1. Communication and socialization Social media has resulted to moral decay on different issues in today’s society. For instance, it has resulted to social isolation (Solari Communications, 2012). This is to say that people lack contact with people in normal life situation. In a work place, one may isolate him or herself from his or work mates thus creating a gap between them. People keep on staring at their smart phone even when around people they should socialize. Because of this, young people do not concentrate when being addressed by older people. This shows how young people have become disrespectful because of the use of social media. Recent research has shown that socially isolated people live a shorter life. When one is a socially isolated, you lose the ability to read ones facial expressions and social cues. Because of continues isolation and spending more time in social media, and aiming at creating more online friends, social media results to depression this is because people spent most of their time chatting with friends and strangers thus wasting the time they are supposed to sleep. This result to depression and one may be unproductive in his or her place of work. Research has shown that being on the screen for long hours affects the release of melatonin a sleep chemical thus making one to sleep for less hours thus resulting to depression (Neelamalar & Chitra, 2009). One feels more comfortable when communicating online than face-to-face. Social media also affects once communicating skills for instance, if one is always on social media he or she may never understand the verbal cues and facial expressions. This result to poor communication skills and one may never know how to communicate while in public. In addition, while chatting most young people do not use grammatically correct language. This affects their language especially in their academics. Constant use of social media has resulted to distractions. Many people are hurt while walking simply because of being constantly glued on their phones texti ng and chatting with friends. In addition, in the class students are distracted from what they are taught because they are on their social websites instead of listening to their teachers by doing so they fail to get the concepts they are supposed to (Wheeldon n.d). This results to poor performance among the students. Today young people seek for sex education in the social websites. Sexting refers to receiving sexually suggestive messages, videos, and photos through the social website. In today’s society, social media has become a leading sexual educator. This is because parents no longer teach their children about sex. Because of this, young people get wrong concepts about sex hence increase in moral decay among the young people. That is why nowadays there is increase in transmission of sexually transmitted

Marketing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Marketing - Research Paper Example The new system created a good data warehousing and customer data-analysis systems. The new system resulted in the a 300% increase in returns on investment between 1998 and 2000 (Gamble et al, 2010). Through the system, Cathay Pacific got information to support decision making. This resulted in the consolidation of data, more personalized service and improved target marketing. The Airline also introduced the Marco Polo Club in 1995 which is a brand loyalty programme meant to reward customers and encourage them to get some kind of compensation to stick to the Cathay Pacific (Horner & Swarbrooke, 2012). Marco Polo Club is a part of One-World Alliance. The Marco Polo Club has four classes, Green, Silver, Gold and Diamond. Each class has its own benefits. Amongst the many benefits include the fact that Silver members can pay the rate of the economy class and check in at the business class. Gold members on the business class can check into One World Alliance Executive lounges in Airports a round the world. Diamond members can have some excess luggage when they travel in the business class. (Horner and Swarbrooke, 2012). This programme has worked successfully for Cathay Pacific for all these years. Research Question Questions Cathay Pacific is currently a very profitable business venture. It is successful in many different areas and parts of Asia and the Pacific region. The Airline continues to attract more customers and it remains competitive ahead of other regional players like Emirates and other players from different parts of the Southern continent world. This research would seek to examine some important elements and important components of the success of Cathay Pacific. This research would set off to ask: what customer relations management system does Cathay Pacific use? What is the role of the customer information system in promoting customer relations in the Airline? What is the system of operation of the One-World Alliance and Marco Polo Club? What do customer s say about these loyalty programmes and systems of Cathay Pacific? Research Aims and Objectives The aim of the research is to examine: the effectiveness of the customer relations management systems of Cathay Pacific in the promoting corporate image and enhancing customer loyalty. In doing this, the following objectives would be assessed: 1. A critical examination of the customer relations management (CRM) system of Cathay Pacific. 2. An assessment of the effectiveness of the Cathay Pacific loyalty programmes. 3. Effects of customer loyalty programmes of Cathay Pacific on customer loyalty and corporate image. 4. Examination of the impact of customer relationship management on Cathay Pacific. Research Method The research methodology is the approach that is used to enquire into a given matter to attain the objectives of a given research (Saunders et al, 2009). The research methodology refers to the various activities that are carried out in order to attain the aim of a research. In or der to attain the research results, there would be four distinctive phases that would be carried out to complete the study. The research would involve the collection of data, analysis of the data and conclusion. Data Collection Data would involve information collected from primary and secondary sources. This data would be collected in correspondence with the four objectives. In the first phase, data would be collected from secondary sources. This would involve inf

Mid-Term Reflection on Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Mid-Term Reflection on Anthropology - Essay Example The Maya has had advanced in mathematics and astronomy. The story says that God created people from maize after several attempts. The idea of a God who creates people from maize is reasonable for the people of South America because they depended on maize. Maize cultivation provided them with enough calories to settle in cities and invest time in pursuit of mathematics and other intellectual pursuits (Morgan 23). The story is almost similar to biblical story because the Heart of the sky creates from nothing. Other than Heart of the sky, another deity of the Mayas was the feathered serpent. This god was part of pantheon of deity believed to have created the cosmos from scratch. This deity is equivalent to Greek gods. In ancient American religions, shamans were people who could achieve altered consciousness and communicate with the spirit world. They played the role of leading in religious rituals and in practicing divination. Based on the story about Mayas, tribal people, their creation, the gods, and the role of shamans in society, it is clear that humanity and civilization goes through the same steps. The first step towards civilization is settlement. Without settled living, it is hard for people to live a civilized life. In South America, the discovery of maize changed the course of the history of Mayas. Maize allowed the Mayas to lead a settled life. Even today, millions of people rely on maize to provide their daily calorie requirement. Maize is a highly productive grain and a single cob produce considerable calories. Once the people have enough to eat through farming, they start engaging in intellectual activities. This explains why the Mayas had made huge advances in mathematics and astronomy. Presence of enough food allowed them the luxury of pursuing these intellectual activities. Another aspect of intellectual pursuit is religious. Tribal people

Corporate Governance in Public Limited Companies in the UK Coursework

Corporate Governance in Public Limited Companies in the UK - Coursework Example The paper tells that in the past years, the increment in freedom has become eminent, in all aspects of business activities thereby creating more opportunities for entrepreneurs. There has been international market development, especially for UK based companies. Cross-borders business relationships have increased dramatically. The UK has also generated a lot of developments. The businesses have clearly indicated that they have the knowledge and the strength to explore new ventures abroad and also in the UK, and have thus helped increase the affluence. The business community wants to show that their enterprises are ready to shoulder this increased responsibly. Many business ventures have realized that by creating good relationships with the stakeholders, there would be more business opportunities that will come up. There should be mutual trust between a company and the public in order to have improved competitiveness and ultimately higher and better living standards of the people. Ensu ring that the business community is trustworthy can be done and achieved by improving relationships between the stakeholders, from the top management to the lowest shareholder. The corporate governance system in the UK has been very effective. Regulations that have been established have assisted enterprises in conducting relations between the stakeholders in companies. It was a firm belief among the UK business community that in order to obtain acceptable results, internal governance and supervision within the enterprises should be increased immensely. There was a lot at stake, and it was important that the initiative came from the business community itself and that it pointed out methods to alleviate the confidence of the stakeholders involved and that the public had the right to demand from enterprises.

Differences Between Islamic Bank and Conventional Essay

Differences Between Islamic Bank and Conventional - Essay Example nterest (riba) in the transactions, avoiding economic transactions that involve oppression (zulm), and the introduction of an Islamic tax known as zakat (Fahim & Mario 2010, p. 92). Under conventional banking, the danger of insolvency is lower as compared to Islamic banking. Fluctuations in the income of a conventional bank are passed on to depositors as fluctuating payments. On the contrary, losses incurred in Islamic banking do not affect the account holders. As such, Islamic banks may suffer the losses rather than passing on the losses to the customers. In conventional banks, the major aim to protect against possible risks and losses that may emanate from investments. Therefore, depositors choose to invest their funds in banks that have high returns. On the other hand, depositors in Islamic banks do not look for banks that have high rates of return since the sole aim is not to make high profits (Visser 2009, p. 140). In conventional banking, transactions are shaped by the limits in applying usury prohibition. This ensures separation of the banks from the risks associated with the activities of the customers. On the other hand, in Islamic banking, a system based on the participation of the creditors in the risks and profit replaces the interest-based system (Fahim & Mario 2010, p. 91). The interest earned in conventional banking is based on the fact that the lender ought to get a fixed return on the investment, regardless whether the venture of the borrower succeeded or did not succeed. On the other hand, Islamic banking prohibits the presence of predetermined return, although it recognizes the legitimacy of profit sharing. Conventional banking operates for the own interests of the bank; thus, the bank does not make efforts to make sure that there is growth with equity. On the contrary, Islamic banking gives a lot of importance to the interest of the public. Thus, it aims at ensuring that there is growth with equity. In conventional banking, commercial banks

Understanding personal finance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding personal finance - Term Paper Example This reward will come under the personal finance category. Individuals are also made planning to invest their monetary resources in a proper place so that they can enjoy the maximum benefit. They can deposit in wide range of banking products or stock market instruments (bond, mutual fund, demat account etc.). Banking products include fixed deposit, current deposit, saving account, recurring deposit, many insurance scheme (life insurance, health insurance, medi claim, disability insurance etc). Maximum individuals are like to invest major % of their monetary resource in the banking products especially in the fixed deposit because in such case risk factors are very less and money is invested in secure place (especially public sector banks or government undertaking banking organizations). They also make strategic plans for proper pension scheme, retirement plans, income tax management, wealth tax management, property tax management and social security benefits. Financial planning is the most important part in the personal finance. This can be said that planning is the key component in this field. Without proper and effective planning enhance the amount of personal finance and monitor the flow of financial resources (both inflows and out flows) is very difficult. There are few steps involved in the financial planning. These steps are as follows. Assessment- Assessment is the 1st step of the personal finance planning. It is required to understand the actual situation and financial or monetary position of a person. Financial statements are required to assess the financial situation. The balance sheet will be prepared on individual person and not on the organization. So this is called personal balance sheet. Personal assets such as car, furniture, house, stocks, cash at bank, cash in hand will come under the asset side of balance sheet and personal

Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay Example for Free

Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay The composition of this research paper will concentrate on the topic about the pathophysiologic condition of the disorder called obesity. Thus, this would focus in the said topic to determine the functional changes that go along with such type of disorder that is seen to have developed as one of the prominent health problem in the society. Moreover, the paper would work in rendering fundamental information that is seen essential to further understand the condition of obesity. In addition to this, this research would also deal with the key areas that are seen to be of major concern with regard to battling and preventing obesity. Nonetheless, this holds on the purpose in rendering definite and essential information about obesity. The following will be discussed: †¢ A Brief Background: Obesity †¢ Pathophysiology of Obesity †¢ Causes of Obesity †¢ Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention At the end of the paper, in intends to render facts and information about the pathophysiology of the obesity. Likewise, the completion of this research paper is also set to provide clear and evident information with regard to the possible medical treatments and nursing interventions that could be done to be able to battle and prevent obesity. A Brief Background: Obesity It can be said that the discussions over the subject of obesity is normally overlooked as one of the major health issues that is in need of accorded attention. Normally, the society would describe obesity as a state wherein an individual with such condition is seen to be ridiculous for having such abnormal and fatty body. In a sense, obesity must be regarded as a serious condition in which it is seen to be one of the most prominent health disorders that if not properly handled it can result to numerous severe health complications in the body. In general, obesity is characterized as a chronic condition that involves excessive amount body fat (Goroll, 2006). Although body fat is necessary for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and other essential functions, the normal amount of body fat should only be between 25-30% for women and 18-23% for men (Goroll, 2006). Thus, women with excessive body fat with over 30% and for men with over 25% body fat are already considered obese (Goroll, 2006). Moreover, the obesity is also seen to be one of the escalating health conditions in the society wherein the numbers of people with such disorder are rapidly increasing (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). In the United States, the obesity has already reached epidemic extent in which it is seen that one in every three Americans is obese (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, obesity, as a serious health condition, is also seen to be rapidly increasing in the global society that the occurrence of obesity has practically doubled up from the year 1991 up to 1998 (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Pathophysiology of Obesity With the fact that obesity is a significant health threat, the extra weight or the excessive fat is inclined to create extraordinary stress in all parts of the body (â€Å"Causes, incidence, and risk factors,† n. d. ). Thus, the occurrence of obesity normally incorporates negative developments in the body that are seen as the acquisition of serious illnesses and raises the risk of individuals to having diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke and gallbladder disease (â€Å"Causes, incidence, and risk factors,† n. . ). Obesity also creates ill-health conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol that are normally seen among the adults, which is now believed to be seen in the children that are obese (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). In addition to this, the obesity also increases the risk of individual to acquire certain types of cancer. Also, obese individuals are seen to be more inclined to develop osteoarthritis and sleep apnea (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Likewise, the obesity or the excessive fat is often accompanied by several symptoms such as breathlessness, tiredness, back pain, sweatiness, arthritis, menstrual disorders, poor sleeping and depression (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Also, obesity increases the probability of myocardial infraction and heart failure (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Hence, it is seen that biggest probable impact of obesity in health, more especially with that of the elderly, is the diversity of its effects with other systems in the body (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity’† n. d. ). Causes of Obesity In most circumstances, the majority of medical researchers agree that a combination of excessive calorie consumption and a inactive lifestyle are seen to be the primary causes of obesity (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, the increased of food consumption is normally attributed as genetic, medical or psychiatric illness (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Likewise, it is also said that the other probable causes of obesity are hereditary influences, overeating, diet high in simple carbohydrates, slow metabolism, and frequency of eating, physical inactivity, medication such as antidepressants and psychological factors such as severe emotional distress (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Moreover, in the review that is done in the year 2006, it is said that the most probable factors that have contribute in the rise of obesity are seen to be the cause of insufficient sleep, endocrine disruptors, decreased rates of smoking, increased use of medication that leads to weight gain, pregnancy at a later age, intrauterine and intergenerational effects, positive natural selection of people with a higher BMI (â€Å"10 Factors in Rise of Obesity,† n. d. ). Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention Treatment through the help of a physician is seen to be necessary in obesity, more especially during the times wherein the person’s own efforts to lose weight is not working and when it is seen essential that simultaneous medical conditions make it vital for an obese person to lose weight (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, prescription of medications may seem as necessary for those having people with obesity-related health problems (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). In addition to this, the prescriptions of over-the-counter supplements are also considered as essential in the medical treatment of obesity that could helpful for the people in effort to lose weight (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Behavioural strategies are also used in the treatment of obesity that could help modify dietary habits and increase activity levels of obese people (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). Likewise, psychotherapy for eating disorders with the therapist is also seen essential in the treatment process of obesity that may also require medication (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). On the other hand, it is seen evident that the other probable nursing intervention that could be done to battle obesity is having a healthy and active lifestyle through the presence of exercise. As such, the involvement through healthy exercises is indeed helpful in treatment of obesity as these activities are good in burning calories and other excess fats in the body. In addition to this, a good healthy diet is also seen as another nursing intervention for obesity in which eating healthy foods with balanced diet are essential in maintaining and achieving healthy body. Nonetheless, the modified personal discipline with regard to adverse eating habits is also seen as probable nursing intervention for obesity. Conclusion  With the above written facts and information about the pathophysiology of obesity, it is seen evident that choosing such topic in this research paper is indeed significant and helpful for the people, more especially among the individuals with such condition, as this provides factual data of the probable negative results that comes with obesity. As such, this research paper also provides factual gathering of information in battling and treating obesity. Nonetheless, it is seen evident that the issue of obesity is one of the serious health problems that are in need of proper attention.

Mcdonalds An Overview Of Company Commerce Essay

Mcdonalds An Overview Of Company Commerce Essay McDonalds is the number one worldwide foodservice retailer with over 33,000 local restaurants. These restaurants are located in 119 countries and together they manage to serve approximately 68 million people each day. McDonalds brand mission is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. McDonaldsd worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win, which center on an exceptional customer experience People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. We are committed to continuously improving our operations and enhancing our customers experience (mcdonalds.com). They also have seven specific values which are: placing customer experiences at the core of all they do; staying committed to their people; Believing in the McDonalds system; operating their business ethically; giving back to their communities; growing their business profitably; and lastly continually striving to improved (mcdonalds.com) McDonalds HR Planning Their vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. (McDonalds) In order to achieve this mission McDonalds follows three worldwide strategies which are to be the best employer for its people in each community around the world, to deliver operational excellence to its customers in each of its restaurants, and to achieve enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and leveraging the strengths of McDonalds system through innovation and technology (McDonalds). McDonalds worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win, which center on an exceptional customer experience People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. McDonalds targets every age group, not only through the menu of their restaurants itself but also through programs, partnerships and sponsoring. They developed a healthy growing up program designed to encourage children from kindergarten through third grade to adopt lifelong habits of good nutrition, exercise and positive-esteem. McDonalds also partnered with the American Library Association to encourage families to read together through local libraries and they sponsored this animated, anti-substance abuse television special, which was broadcasted on every major network in North America. (McDonalds) Mc Donalds products include a wide variety of their very affordable menu options; mainly hamburgers, cheeseburgers and fries. They compete internationally, nationally, regionally as well as with local retailers of food products. Their competitors include Burger King, Wendys, Hardees, Taco Bell, and KFC. Their competition is on the basis of pricing, convenience and services. The SWOT analysis displays McDonalds strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as an enormous fast food restaurant. Its strengths include: leader in the quick service sandwich industry, brand recognition, strongest international presence and highest worldwide sales, real-estate holdings, easily recognizable product, variety of sources of income, and franchise business model. Its weaknesses are: continuous struggles in offering value-priced items and expensive items, and high employee turnover rate. Their opportunities include: growth in the food- service industry, initial public offerings in other countries , and acquisitions of other restaurants and retail sales of merchandise. The threats of McDonalds are: increased competition from various industries, health conscious consumer trend, value-conscious consumer trend, saturation of US fast-food market, slow growth in the sandwich segment, and price war business practices. (McDonalds) After identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company, McDonalds developed a corporate strategy that encompassed a growth strategy- adding restaurants through people and capital resources, maximizing sales profit through better operations, reinvestment, product development, effective marketing and lower development costs, and improving international profitability. (McDonalds) Currently McDonalds operates in 119 countries, added about 650 stores in Asia/Pacific, 550 in Europe, and 350 in Latin America in the year 2000 with plans to add more during 2001. (McDonalds) However, recently McDonalds began diversifying their successful restaurant business by operating several restaurants concepts, such as Aroma cafà ©- a small chain of coffeehouses serving prepared sandwiches and pastries, Chipotle Mexican Grill- a fresh max grill serving gourmet burritos and tacos and Donatos Pizza- a restaurant business that sells pizza, subs and salads. McDonalds also welcomed Boston Market, a U.S.chain specializing in fresh, convenient meals. (McDonalds). Staffing To ensure that the business is successful and customers are happy McDonalds has to recruit, select and retain a lot of employees through advertisements of vacancies in the actual McDonalds restaurants, local job centers, career fairs and other local facilities. (McDonalds) It is vital to use effective hiring material with a clear message targeted at the right audience because according to McDonalds, customer satisfaction begins with the attitudes and abilities of employees. Effective workers are the best route to success. (McDonalds) After interviewing applicants for the job, managers evaluate the responses received then the employees attend a welcome meeting where the company gives an overview of the job role, food hygiene and safety training, policies and procedures, administration, benefits and training and development. (McDonalds). To ensure employee satisfaction McDonalds provides health insurance benefits to full-time employees and a 10% raise in salary is rewarded on the basis of performance and a 20%increment is given at any time of the year once performance is outstanding (McDonalds). McDonalds human resource management system also includes K/3 HR personnel management, payroll management and report module, as well as performance management, employee capacity quality module (McDonalds). Training Development McDonalds can be recognized for its rigorous approach to ensuring effective training and the successful development of each of their employees. It is not uncommon for employees to begin their careers at McDonalds as restaurant workers or crew, as the company would refer to them, and to continue to develop on their paths eventually reaching levels such as management and executive positions (mteliza.mbs.edu). McDonalds begins training its employees by preparing them to serve in-store customers, and extends to the grooming of future managers as well as future franchise owners. Recently McDonalds has added elements to enhance their training and development program by improving their leadership training, and fine tuning the companys coaching and mentoring processes (auaboutmcdonalds.com). To ensure the effective training of their team, McDonalds created their very own Global Training Center. Hamburger University was founded in the basement of a McDonalds restaurant by a former Senior Chairman in 1961, and has since grown to see more than 500 students each year, and to have over 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-level managers, and owners graduate from its program. Being the first restaurant company to ever design such a facility for the development of their employees and the enhancement of their companys quality of service. According to the McDonalds corporate website, Since its inception, training at Hamburger University has emphasized consistent restaurant operations procedures, service, quality and cleanliness. It has become the companys global center of excellence for McDonalds operations training and leadership development (aboutmcdonalds.com). Hamburger University employs 19 full-time professors with adequate restaurant and management experience teaching students how to be successful in various roles throughout the business. Training for McDonalds employees is tailored to their desired career path within the business. The crew development curriculum was developed by the university and is facilitated in the restaurant; this is specifically designed for restaurant support staff as well as restaurant managers. Shift and Systems management courses have been designed for future managers to attend in one of the many regional training centers McDonalds has for its employees. Managers must complete these courses before they are given the opportunity to attend Hamburger University where their skills will be further developed, and they will be given the expertise necessary to run a multi-million dollar restaurant (trainingmag.com). Business consultants and department heads will begin a path of development designed for mid-level managers. Focusing on leadership and communication skills, this curriculum teaches individuals to coach as well as consult with others to ensure the successful operation of the business. The executive curriculum at Hamburger University provides courses that build upon the leadership skills necessary for the optimal support of employees. Executives are also provided with knowledge about the skills needed to effectively deal with restaurant owners/operators, as well as sales growth. According to McDonalds, Career Development at McDonalds combines a focus on personal growth and development with talent management objectives in order to help employees to perform at their very best while experiencing personal career satisfaction (aboutmcdonalds.com). Performance Management As a global company servicing many countries and cultures around the world, McDonalds does not share a certain set of standards for its performance management at international locations. Because cultures differ, management styles as well as the idea of what peak performance should look like varies with each location. Performance appraisals are measured differently, globally. McDonalds attempts to drive a High Performance Culture within the company and to tie rewards to results. In order to accommodate the differences that can be seen in the measurement of performance at a global company such as McDonalds, as procedure was set in place by the company. The company designed a Performance Development System. In this system the distribution of rewards are based on individual performance. The process includes and Individual Performance Plan, Individual Development Plan, and a Mid-Year Review. This process ensures that the level of performance of employees is reflective of the expectation o f the location of the employee as well as the specific expectations of the managers at a given location. Employee Relations Employee relation is the relationship between employer and employee and the way employees feel about all aspects of the job. By providing more in depth information about the company in this project, we hope to change the view of what employment at McDonalds is like and show that McDonalds employee relations is top notch in this industry. Firstly, we all know that the perception of a McDonalds job is not very good; in fact a McJob according to Merriam-Webster dictionary is a low-paying job that requires little skill and provides little opportunity for advancement. This view of a McDonalds job is what we have grown to know and believe, however, within the organization employees appear to think just the opposite. Employee satisfaction at McDonalds has been rated consistently at 80% or above which clearly implies a good employee employer relationship. In an article from McDonalds titled Employee-first Approach Pays Off for McDonalds  Canada, it states that in a recent survey of about 42,000, 84% strongly agreed that they felt valued as an employee and 86% were proud to be working at McDonalds. In another survey from McDonalds employees in its nine largest markets, 84% of them would recommend working at McDonalds. McDonalds management was faced with the challenge of identifying McDonalds Employment Value Proposition (EVP). Results came in from 55 countries and about 10,000 employees about what they love most about working at McDonalds. From the answers from its employees McDonalds identified three themes, Family Friends, Flexibility, and Future. Despite what a McJob may look like from the outside, McDonalds has great employee relations and employees enjoy their jobs and are satisfied. Compensation Benefits Compensation and benefits can be a major factor when it comes to deciding what job is right for you. Despite popular belief, McDonalds, with regards to its lucrative compensation and benefits package is an ideal employment option for many people across the globe. Medical, Dental, Profit Sharing, Vacation, Sabbatical Program, Employee and dependent life insurance, Incentive Pay, Recognition Programs are some of the said compensation and benefits that McDonalds offers its employees. One of McDonalds benefits is the McDonalds Profit Sharing and Savings Plan, which is a 401k plan. In this plan McDonalds prepare their employees for life after retirement. In an online report from McDonalds, it is said that they have a participation rate of 93% of its eligible employees enrolled in this program. In this plan, employees contribute 5% and McDonalds matches that with 7% contribution. Also, depending on the companys performance an addition 4% may be added to bring the companys contribution towards the employees 401k to 11%, which was the case from 2006 through 2008. Another one of McDonalds compensation and benefit is their education assistance. According to their website, eligible employees can receive up to 5,250 a year for grades C and above. Another excellent incentive McDonalds offer is their Child Care assistance where employees receive discounted tuition rates for their children. As a result of McDonalds efforts with this compensation and benefits program McDonalds UK as reduced turnover rate by 20% according to their online report. McDonalds obviously recognizes that their employees need to feel valued and thus they have come up with this extensive package to attract and keep their employees. Employee Surveys Each year, many publications and organizations conduct surveys, polls, and benchmarking studies to determine which companies are doing noteworthy work in the area of inclusion and diversity. McDonalds has a proud history of being the recipient of many of these awards, some on a recurring basis. Awards include the following: Working Mother Magazine, Top Companies for Multicultural Women, 2011 2010, Black Enterprise Magazine, 40 Best Companies for Diversity, 2011; Latina Style Magazine, Best Companies for Hourly Workers, 2011; Diversity MBA 50 Out Front for Diversity Leadership: Best Places for Diverse Managers To Work 2011; Executive Leadership Council, Corporate Award, 2010; Fortune Magazine, 50 Most Powerful Women Jan Fields (#25), 2010; Latina Style, Best 10 Companies for Latinas to Work, 2010; Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, Avoice Corporate Award, 2010; Black Enterprise Magazine, 40 Best Companies for Diversity, 2010; Hispanic Business Magazine, Top 10 Diversity Elite Co mpanies, 2010; PODER Magazine, Top 25 Franchises for Hispanics, 2010; Top 6 Companies for Hourly Employees, Working Mother Magazine, 2010; Top Supplier Diversity Program for Women, Professional Woman Magazine, 2010; Best Company for Promoting Asian Pacific Americans to Develop Workforce Skills, Asia Society, 2010 (aboutmcdonalds.com). Each year, McDonalds Canada conducts internal employee surveys to get feedback on how well the company is doing. The most recent survey of nearly 42,000 people showed that 84% agreed or strongly agreed that they felt valued as an employee of McDonalds, and that 86% said they were proud to be working at McDonalds. From an employer image perspective, it was the second major award of the season for McDonalds Canada, which also earned a nod as one of Canadas 10 Most Admired Corporate Cultures. Conducted on behalf of the National Post by Waterstone Human Capital, a leading retainer-based search firm, the results of the survey of 340 Canadian executives showed how strong leadership drives corporate culture and how culture drives performance. McDonalds Canada was a first-time recipient of this prestigious distinction, which was based on the following criteria: vision and leadership, cultural alignment, measurement and sustainability, rewards, recognition and innovative business achievement, corporate performance, and corporate social responsibility. McDonalds and their independent franchisees employ more than 1.7 million people worldwide they are the face of our brand and differentiate us from the competition. McDonalds has been recognized as a great place to work in more than 30 of the markets in which they do business. For instance, the following include awards and recognition under Brands: 2011 Most Innovative Food Companies, 2012 #4 Most Valuable Global Brand, 2012 #7 Worlds Most Powerful Brand and 2012 #7 Best Global Brand (aboutmcdonalds.com). In the category of leadership, Fortune states the following recognition and awards: 2012 #11 Most Admired Company in the World, Ranked #2 among all companies for Management Quality, Ranked #2 among all companies for Global Competitiveness, Ranked #1 among all companies for Use of Corporate Assets, Ranked #4 among all companies for Best Long-Term Investment, Ranked #2 among all companies for Financial Soundness, Ranked #4 among all companies for People Management, and McDonalds also ranked #1 in the Food Services category (aboutmcdonalds.com). Safety and Wellness Safety and Wellness can be best described as the following: Employee wellness focuses on the ability of women and men to secure a decent and productive employment in working conditions that support freedom, equity, security and dignity so the companys economic growth benefits all. Employee Wellness also touches on areas such as compensation and benefits and the use of appropriately aged labor. McDonalds supplier has gone beyond the basic obligations of law and McDonalds Supplier Code of Conduct to proactively support the well-being of their employees. Regardless of the fact if its a quick breakfast, lunch on the go or dinner with the kids, customers come to McDonalds for quality food at a great value. McDonalds goal is to continuously improve our classic offerings and increase the number and variety of new options that deliver the great taste and balance our customers seek (aboutmcdonalds.com). Unfortunately, there continues to be a major concern about juvenile diabetes, obesity rates and related risks to human well-being among consumers, governments, non-governmental organizations, and health and nutrition experts. McDonalds response is the following: We take these issues seriously and are working to do what we can to positively influence the situation. We know we cannot address this problem alone, but we are committed to being part of the solution (aboutmcdonalds.com). With guidance from their Global Advisory Council (GAC), McDonalds continue to evolve their overall approach, while supporting their individual markets in meeting the specific needs and requirements of their local cultures and governments. Since 2004, the GAC has provided McDonalds guidance on key areas such as global nutrition labeling, McDonalds What I Eat, What I Do childrens well-being platform, the development of internal metrics to gauge our progress, and approaches for motivating children to eat more fruits and vegetables (aboutmcdonalds.com). An organization tries to create and maintain a safe and healthy workplace for many reasons. For instance, it is simply an ethical and socially responsible position; no responsible employer would argue that it is acceptable for employees to get hurt or become ill because of their working conditions. The insurance premium an organization pays for this coverage is determined by several factors, including the value of the claims paid out to employees of the firm. Firms that have fewer accidents and workers compensation claims actually pay lower premiums. In addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) can impose fines against organizations that have unsafe workplace (DeNisi/Griffin). In conclusion, the lost time from accidents and illness can cost an organization a great deal of money, so it is simply good business to maintain a safe and healthy workplace. Communications Choosing effective internal communications methods that are right to deliver key messages for diverse audiences is essential to the success of any business. McDonalds is careful about heir methods of both internal and marketing communications. McDonalds adopts multi-channel communication methods to ensure that all its messages are delivered to staff.   These include the use of print, online and other forms of technology such as video conferencing (thehrdirector.com). McDonalds works closely with its communications agency, Summersault, producing employee magazines that are designed to inspire and motivate employees about the company. McDonalds communication practices are just another way for McDonalds executives to keep employees enthusiastic about their jobs and encourage them to go as far as they can I the business. Overall McDonalds HR policies and Procedures have contributed to the overall success of the organization. McDonalds has successfully geared their business toward the development of their employees which produces optimal performance and the ultimate prosperity of the company as a global unit. Allowing the demand for their product and customer satisfaction to dictate their method of perfecting their business practices appears to be on of McDonalds great strengths, and has allowed them to continue to be the most popular fast food chain in the world. Together McDonalds HR Planning, Staffing, Performance Management, Communications along with many other company practices have propelled the success of McDonalds in the food industry. Efficiency in these areas has provided the foundation for an immensely successful global company. Works Cited http://www.bersinassociates.com http://www.mteliza.mbs.edu http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com http://hrmtoday.org http://www.merriam-webster.com http://www.scribd.com http://www.mcdonalds.at/ Works Cited

A Report On Olympic Games

A Report On Olympic Games Every four years, millions of people turn their attention to one city where Olympic Games take place. Almost all major cities compete for the right to be the host city of the next Olympic Games. It is highly competitive competition as Olympics bring attention and spectators which provide huge revenue to the host city. However, for the host city Olympic Games begin much earlier as it takes years to prepare and organize such project. It is clear that no city in the world can host Olympics next day after being chosen. Further, this essay will observe election procedure of the host city and state main requirements of the IOC for the host city. In 1999 the new host city election procedure was confirmed by the IOC (International Olympic Committee). According to this procedure, the cities are checked for the appropriateness of the basic technical requirements. Then the cities which are passed through IOC Executive Board become candidate cities and permitted to pass to bidding process. During this process IOC Evaluation Commission visits and inspects all candidate cities. Eventually at the IOC session the host city will be chosen (John E. Findling: 265). The host city election procedure is complicated due to heavy responsibility which lies down on shoulders of both host city and the IOC. To prevent any kind of mistakes during Olympic Games the IOC has several technical requirements such as: Transport concept. Environmental conditions. Accommodation. Experience from the past sport events. Sport venues. Finance. (Factsheet. Host city election facts and figures. (www.olympic.org). Leicesters transport concept includes transport systems within the city, East Midlands Airport and the Railway station. Special departments regulate the Leicesters traffic situation. Different IT systems and CCTV cameras provide a real time picture of the traffic situation within the Leicester. Digital Car Park Signs give all the information about available car park spaces throughout the city centre. In addition, there is a â€Å"Star Trak† information system which provides â€Å"next bus† information via signs at bus stops (Leicester City Council. Transport and streets). All these technologies support efficient traffic flow and ensure safety for both pedestrians and drivers. Visitors will find these facilities useful for them. However, the main problem is that how spectators from every corner of the world will come to the Leicester. The city is served by single railway station and East Midlands Airport which in addition works for Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. Moreove r, East Midlands serves domestic and European destinations with only few flights to holiday resorts (UK Airport Guide. East Midlands Airport). This means that more railway stations and international airport are needed to meet all the quests. In contrast, Beijing spent more than $4bn to build a new airport terminal and extra subway lines (Bristow M. BBC news). Apart from this, nearly  £80m will be spent to improve Docklands Light Railway (DLR) network in London. In addition, London will invest more than  £900 million to East London Line which will link the Olympic Park with the city. Line will connect with the DLR, Jubilee and District line and the North London Line (London 2012.Transport). In fact, even more developed cities than Leicester are forced to improve their transport systems due to Olympic Games. The second criterion of the IOC is the environmental condition of the future Olympic city. This requirement can be fully satisfied by Leicester as it became Britains first â€Å"Environment city† in 1990 and was among twelve cities which took part in the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning). Since then Leicester keeps high standards of environmental conditions. For example, Leicester City Council uses the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), which helps to conserve environmental standards. As well as the EMAS, Leicester City Councils Environmental Policy plays vital role in maintaining and improving high environmental conditions in the city. The targets of this policy are reduction of carbon footprint, prevention of pollution, protection of trees and natural environment and promotion of using renewable energy. Throughout this policy Leicester City Council encourages the public to protect environment where possible (Leices ter City Council. Environment and planning). Furthermore, Leicester city achieved significant results in recycling of wastes. In partnership with Biffa Leicester the city of Leicester created the â€Å"Ball Mill† recycling facility which can recycle more than 70% of household waste from landfill. By this facility Leicester can recycle and compost nearly 33% of all wastes in the city (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning). Taking in consideration all these facts Leicester can be proud of their environmental condition, whereas Beijing invested nearly $20.5bn over the past 10 years to improve environmental situation during the preparations for Olympic Games (Bristow M. BBC News). Further, this essay will observe housing facilities where visitors can reside during Olympics. It goes without saying that the host city meets thousands of tourists coming for Olympic Games. In 2008, Beijing registered almost 382,000 overseas visitors. Organizers expected to meet 500,000 visitors, but visa controls decreased that number (www.2008gamesbeijing.com). Therefore Leicester should have enough rooms to reside between 300,000 400.000 tourists. According to Leicester City Council there are nearly 26 hotels with more than 2000 rooms in Leicester. In addition, partnership with University of Leicester can provide additional 3096 rooms (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning. 2012 Preparation camps). As a result, there are more than 5200 rooms in total available for upcoming visitors. Of course it is not enough to reside more than 300,000 tourists, therefore more accommodation facilities should be build. For example, London offers 100,000 hotel rooms and nearly 30,000 beds in student accommodations to welcome all the visitors during Games (London 2012. accommodat ion). Experience of organising sport events is important as well as other technical requirements. Leicester has hosted Special Olympics GB Summer Games two times (Leicester City Council. Sports and fitness). 2700 athletes from 19 UK regions took part in 21 sports during Special Olympics 2009 (Special Olympics 2009). Actually, this is invaluable experience, but organisation of Olympic Games requires the hosting of 26 sports with more than 300,000 participants including athletes and spectators (London 2012. Games). In previous paragraphs this essay mentioned different features of the Leicester except sport venues which are directly connected with Olympic Games. There are might be hundreds of hotels, railway stations and airports in the host city, but without appropriate sport facilities the city will not host Olympics. Leicester has different sport venues, including Saffron Lane Athletics Stadium, Braunstone Leisure Centre and sport facilities of Leicester Grammar School. These venues contain modern facilities for badminton, tae-kwon-do, swimming, basketball and etc. However all of them have been already offered as pre-gaming training camps for athletes coming to London 2012 Olympic Games (Leicester City Council. 2012 Preparation camps). In comparison, Beijing has built 12 new stadiums which required $1.9bn (Bristow M. BBC News). As well as Beijing, London is building completely new Olympic Park which will contain nine sport venues including Olympic Stadium, the Aquatic Centre, the VeloPark and etc (London 2012. Venues). After all, it is clear that present sport facilities of the Leicester should be improved by financial support. Financial part of the Olympic project plays significant role in organising Olympic Games. The major cities like Beijing and Athens have spent $40bn and $16bn respectively to host Olympics. Apart from this, London has already invested $22.6bn for 2012 Olympic Games (Bristow M. BBC News). In contrast, according to Leicester City Council budget of Leicester in 2008/09 was  £779,788,900. In other words, Leicester should find more funding to host Olympic Games. Finally, I think that Leicester does not have clear disadvantages in contrast with other cities. However it will take more time and investments to host Olympics in Leicester than in Beijing or London. References: Findling J. E. Pelle D. K. (2004:265). Encyclopedia of modern Olympic movement. Westport: Greenwood Press. Extracted 01/02/2010 from, http://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=encyclopedia+of+modern+Olympic+movementhl=rucd=1#v=onepageq=f=false Bristow M. BBC News, Beijing. 31/07/2008. Extracted 29/01/2010 from, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7523235.stm Extracted 29/01/2010 www.multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_repert_1191.pdf Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/transport-traffic/transport-systems/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/transport-traffic/transport-systems/digital-car-park-signs/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://airport-maps.co.uk/uk-airport-directory/east-midlands-airport/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/making-it-happen/transport/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/environment-city/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/environmental-policy/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/recycling/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://2008gamesbeijing.com/beijing-has-652-million-visitors-for-the-olympics/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/planning/plansandpolicy/hotels-information/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/sports-services/news-update-2007/2012camps/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/visiting/accommodation/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/sports-services/news-update-2007/special-olympics-2009/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.sol2009.com/home/sports.html Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/games/olympic-sports/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/games/venues/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/accounts/accounts0809.pdf Extracted 29/01/2010

Graffiti is a Beautiful Crime Essay example -- Argumentative Persuasiv

Graffiti is a Beautiful Crime Graffiti is a form of art that people use to express themselves and to convey various messages to people in a particular community. In the movie "Graffiti Verite':. One of the graffiti artist explained that his purpose in doing graffiti is that it allows him to "express his anger' on the wall. Another kid by the name of "Jipsie" said that graffiti is a "form of growth". There were several different explanations that artists shared as well as several different reasons why they like graffiti. The common theme among the graffiti artist and taggers was that graffiti is simply a form of self-expression (Bryan). At the end of the film one tagger made a comment and said, "graffiti is not vandalism, but it is a beautiful crime". This comment did not make sense to me. Committing a crime, a hideous act, is not a beautiful thing to do by any means. Graffiti does not mean people can go around and draw and spray paint on other peoples property. Regardless of what types of graffiti are being expre ssed by the tagger, this type of self expression is considered vandalism when people decide to draw, destroy, or violate any persons property without consent. As a result of taggers committing the crime of vandalism, property owners, concerned citizens, and law enforcement officers spend too much time, money, and energy trying to put an end to the unlawful act of vandalism. Looking from the taggers' point of view, one can understand why taggers and graffiti artists draw and do graffiti, but this does not justify the fact that often times this form of self-expression is not acceptable when it is done on other peoples property. Having the opportunity to listen (film, class, talk show) to why taggers and graf... ...erent meanings and different types of self-expression. "The simplified imagery of graffiti has become attractive to certain professional fine artists in various areas around the world" (Philips). The point that I am making is that various forms of graffiti are beautiful and the need to express ones' self is part of what being a human being is all about. I don't see a problem with the reasoning behind why graffiti artists do graffiti and why taggers tag. It becomes a problem when they use other people's property (including public and city property) to express themselves via graffiti and tagging. Work Cited Bryan, Bob "Graffiti Verite'" (Movie), 1996. Epstein, Edward. "SF Takes on Urban Scrawl". San Francisco Chronicle April 1, 1999. A17, A22. Philips, Susan A. Graffita Defanition: The Dictionary of Art. London: Macmillan Publisher. On press), 1996.

Comparing Artist of the Beautiful, Rappaccinis Daughter, Birthmark and

Comparing Perfection in Artist of the Beautiful, Rappaccini's Daughter, Birthmark and Prophetic Pictures In four of Hawthorne's stories there is a struggle for power and control as a vehicle to obtain perfection or beauty. In "The Artist of the Beautiful", "Rappaccini's Daughter", "The Birthmark" and "The Prophetic Pictures" the characters are controlled by their desire for perfection in their creations, but they do not achieve their goals without sacrifice. In "The Artist of the Beautiful" Owen is spends years perfecting his creation. His quest for "the Beautiful" controls him. His sensitivity to delicate perfection affects him even physically as he is made ill by the large mechanical steam engine. "Being once carried to see a steam-engine...he turned pale and grew sick, as if something monstrous and unnatural had been presented to him". He is as delicate as the butterfly he creates. "For Heaven's sake...as you would not drive me mad, do not touch it! The slightest pressure of your finger would ruin me forever". In his obsessive pursuit of perfection he cuts himself off from the human experience. He builds what he believes he was "created for" without a thought to what he is sacrificing to achieve his goal. The butterfly is mysterious and beautiful, but for all of his effort it is destroyed.   Years are sacrificed in the quest for perfection. To Owen the sacrifice may have been well worth it, but considering Hawthorne's warnings about the folly of separating oneself from humanity in other stories, he may again be saying that Owen's quest for mechanical perfection is an empty victory in light of the life and joy he could have had with Annie. In "Rappaccini's Daughter" the scientist sacrifices his own daughter to bot... ...retched lady!...did I not warn you?", "You did...but- I love him!" Apparently, the artist painted the truth and the fate of Elinor's relationship with Walter, but persuaded by love, she chose to ignore his warnings. The power of the artist is clear. He tried to make Elinor see her future with Walter clearly. But it was the power of denial (and the power of love?) that Elinor chose to follow. I think Hawthorne may be implying in these stories that perfection is unattainable and the quest for it may be unrewarding, even fatal. In these and some of Hawthorne's other stories, I believe he is reminding people of the delicate blessings of life. Our pursuit of happiness outside of a connection with other people and our reckless endeavor to supersede the power of the supernatural may result in temporary satisfaction, but is ultimately unfulfilling and even dangerous.

Employment law Essay

Task A – Short answer questions Ai – Imagine you are a newly appointed supervisor/manager within your service. You need to update your staff handbook to reflect current employment law. Identify three different sources of information you could use to enable you to do this. 1) Internet 2) Staff 3) Old handbook Once you have identified a reliable source of information Aii a) List three aspects of employment covered by law 1) Work conditions for example saftey 2) Wages (National minimum wage) 3) Holiday entitlements b) List three main features of current employment legislation 1) Equality and Discrimination law 2) Employment Rights 3) Health and safety Aiii – Briefly outline why employment law exists Employment law is there in order to protect employees. To give everyone who works the oppurtunity to protect their rights. For example ensuring that employees are protected from discrimination in the workplace, ensuring that they receive the national minimum wage etc. These employee rights apply regardless of whether the employee or worker is temporary, fixed-term or permanent, or how long they have worked for the employer. Task B – Your work role Bi – Describe the terms and conditions of your employment as set out in your contract of employment or employment agreement. Bii – Describe the information which needs to be shown on your pay slip/statement -Tax Code -Employee’s Name -Nett income -Gross income – National Insurance number – Company Name – Date – Hours and hourly rate – Payment method – Earnings – Any deductions Biii – Identify two changes to personal information which you must report to your employer – Changes in Health for example long term illness, pregnancy etc – Change of personal details such as Address, Number etc – Change of next of kin, for emergencys Biv – Describe the procedure to follow if you wanted to raise a grievance at work. You may describe this in writing or produce a flow chart or diagram If the grievance couldnt be dealt with by a simple informal discussion, then the next person you should go to would be a supervisor or manager. They should then explain how the situation could be dealt with. If you feel that this isnt being dealt with orridingly or in fact the supervisor/manager is the person causing the grievance then the you should going higher up the hirachy, maybe the locality manager? If the grievance couldnt be dealt with by someone within the trust and you feel that it could be more serious then you can always take things higher for example to adult services, CQC or even the police. Once the grievance has happened you need to write a FACTUAL report. Bv – Explain the agreed ways of working with your employer in relation to the following areas. Data protection – Data protection needs to be dea lt with as a serious matter. A few examples of this could be simply having passwords on laptops/ computers, storing documents safely and securly. Conflict management – Conflict in the workplace needs to be dealt with seriously wether it be a petty argument between employees or a conflict of issues  regarding best interest of service users. Your employer should be avaliable at all times to talk to you regarding issues at work these can also be brought up at supervisions, team meetings or even apprasials. Staff are to follow best practice in the workplace, following policies and proceedures and managers are there to help resolve any issues and together they should work together to get the facts together and help resolve any issues or conflict and continue with effective performance. Anti – discriminatory practice – Descrimination is not only against the law but it is also a form of gross misconduct from your job. It is also taking action to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnic or cultural background. Health and Safety – Although Employers have the legal responsibilities to ensure a safe and healthy workplace. As an employee you also have the responsibilities for your own safety and the safety of your colleagues. If you saw something dangerous within the workplace it would be your responsibility to address the issue or make the employer aware of the issue for it to be addressed. A risk assessments will always need to be filled out despite the seriousness of the issue, to look back on and to help prevent then issue from reacurring in the future. Confidentiality – This is vitally important in this line of work. No information should be passed onto anyone without manager or next of kin consent. Information should only be passed on if its in an emergency involving health, hygiene etc to the relevant personal for example emergency services, dentists etc. Whistleblowing – Whistleblowing is raising concerns about malpractice in an organisation or workplace. It is importnat to work with your employer to raise any concerns which might affect the support your providing. It will then be your employers job to investigate into these concerns raised and speak to the person in question to reso lve the issues or depending on the seriousness contact the relevant people, this could be authorities. Bvi – Explain how your role contributes to the overall delivery of the service provided My role contributes to the delivery of the service provided because it enables service users a life of independancy and pro-actively with the right support. Giving people with life challenges a chance of fufilling a life as normal as possible. Bvii – Explain how you could influence the quality of the service provided by; a) Following best practice within your work role Following policies and proccedures, care plans and attending relevant training for your job will influence the quality of the service because it makes you more knowledgeble and compotant at your job. Giving patients/service users a better quality of care/support at home. b)Not carrying out the requirements of your role By not carrying out the requirements of my role would be dangerous not only for the service users but also for myself and other employees. It would also have a negative impact on the care industry with the lack of support you would be providing. Patients/ services users would not be getting the correct level of care, this is why policies and proceedure are put in place. Bviii – Describe how your own work must be influenced by National factors such as codes of practice, National Occupational standards, Legislation and government initiatives. Bix a) Identify two different representative bodies which influence your area of work Adult services Care Quality commission b) Describe the role of the two representative bodies you have identified. Care Quality commission  Inspectors of care Ensure legal requirements are followed Make sure staff are adquently trained and providing the correct level of care Adult services Ensure that clients/service users get suitable care There to provide financial support where needed They are also a link between the service users and day services Task C – Career Pathway Create a career pathway plan for youself, indicating oppurtunities are open to you as you progress in your chosen career. Indicate what you will need to learn or any qualifications you might need to gain in order to achieve your goals. Identify of information to help you achieve your goals. My career plan would be to continue work at TQ twentyone as a Support worker working full time. Hopefully pick up some more bank shifts in a variety of houses where I can learn more about different disabilities and gain more  exsperience in this field. This would be for maybe another year until I have completed my Level 3 in Health and social care, this will then help me aim to achieve the role of a support coordinator in the near future with TQ Twentyone. or; I have the option then to maybe attend university part time and study something around the similar and still remain in work as bank staff. The courses I would like the oppurtunity to do would be anything from primary teaching (special educational needs) or social work. However for me to achieve this I will need to retake a GCSE maths in night school to help me get onto the course in university. If i choose not to attend university or if I can’t I would like to continue my path as a support coordinator and work hard on making my way up the structure reaching a manager or move onto something I’ve gained from univesity.