Multiculturalism in contemporary english literature(how to do a Essay

Multiculturalism in contemporary english literature(how to do a research for this topic) - Essay Example multicultural education, or multicultural menu.† As pertains to contemporary English literature, contemporary multicultural English literature would be that body of written work by authors whose work comes to fruition during the twentieth century, incorporating themes and characters of a cultural diversity; such as the works of Salman Rushdie, wherein Rushdie’s work, as Deepika Bahri (2004) suggests, is reflects a body of work that represents â€Å"’hybrid temporalities of ‘of colonialism.† Rushdie’s work, as Bahri suggests, falls within the â€Å"paleocolonial† era; or those post-colonial writers who by time and space in a post-colonial empire, whose work has not been the subject of post-colonial resentment and suppression.1 While there indeed exists a variety of contemporary English literary works from which to select that include a multicultural diversity by way of author and theme, with the exception of a limited, albeit growing, bod y of works, they tend to be works portraying the English protagonist in a foreign setting. The goal of this paper became one of searching the existing body of contemporary literature for a work of literature reflecting a multicultural setting, written by author of other than a British born English heritage, and whose story presents a protagonist as hero, or heroine of that story in a multicultural setting and of a multicultural heritage. To that end, the focus rested on the works of author Salman Rushdie, whose body of work emanated from lands other than England, and brought to the reader the opportunity to both discover the essence of a rich multicultural environment and tradition through interesting multicultural characters. Narrowing down the selection within Rushdie’s body of work to the multicultural work encompassing the goals previously discussed, the focus of this paper is Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh (1997).2 The selection of support materials for inclusion in this paper were made on the basis of

The Ulu Burun Shipwreck: Underwater Archaeology at its Finest Essay

Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations. A prime example of the possible contributions of underwater archaeology is the Ulu Burun shipwreck. The Ulu Burun shipwreck is the remains of a Late Bronze Age (~1600 – 1050 BCE) trading vessel dated to about 1300 BCE. The shipwreck was discovered in 1982 off the coast of Ulu Burun, near the modern city of Kas, Turkey. This fifty-foot long vessel was resting at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of approximately 150 feet. Eleven sets of excavations were conducted from 1984 to 1994 in order to deliver the artifacts to the surface for analysis. From this wreck site, archaeologists now have a more detailed and precise understanding about the trade and distribution of commodities in the Late Bronze Age. With very little textual information available from this time period, archaeologists knew very little about the items that were traded, cultures that traded with each other, and the trade routes. The Ulu Burun shipwrecks acts as a time... ...e Late Bronze Age are presented in underwater archaeology. As a result, there should be a greater push for archaeologists to explore more of the ocean in order to learn about the past. Works Cited Bass, George F. "A Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun (Kaş): 1984 Campaign." JSTOR. American Journal of Archaeology. Web. 20 May 2012. . Bass, George F. "Oldest Shipwreck Reveals the Splendors of the Bronze Age." National Geographic 1987. Print. Bowens, Amanda. Underwater Archaeology: The NAS Guide to Principles and Practice. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2009. Print. Gates, Charles. Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece, and Rome. London: Routledge, 2003. Print. Renfrew, Colin, and Paul Bahn. Archaeology: Theory Methods and Practice. London: Thames & Hudson, 1996. Print.

UK Policies Regarding Inequality And Inclusion Education Essay

This essay will place one UK enterprise within Early Old ages that aims to turn to issues associating to inequality and inclusion. It will discourse the inequalities and the subsequent negative effects that this enterprise aims to turn to. It will analyze the possible impact of the enterprise. ‘Removing barriers to achievement ‘ was a Government enterprise in 2004 to enable kids with extra demands to make their full potency, by giving chances to play, learn and develop. It promoted the importance of affecting kids with SEN in doing determinations about their ain acquisition through communicating with them. It had a vision to back up early old ages ‘ scenes, schools and local governments in doing betterments in commissariats. It built on the Every Child Matters results and utilizing incorporate services to better inclusive pattern. It covered four cardinal countries ; early intercession through supplying entree to suited child care for kids and households ; taking barriers to larning through inclusive pattern in every scene ; raising outlooks and accomplishments, through bettering learning accomplishments and schemes for run intoing the demands of kids with SEN ; and presenting the importance of partnership through an built-in attack so parents can be confident that their kids will acquire the instruction they need. ( Lloyd ) Dewey described how a balanced course of study of kids ‘s active acquisition and high quality instruction of cognition was needed for experimental instruction. It is necessary to understand what is meant by equality and inclusion and this essay will take to clear up this. With respect to inclusion the Early Years Foundation Stage statutory model ( 9:1.13 ) suggests: â€Å" suppliers should present individualized acquisition, development and attention that enhances the development of the kids in their attention and gives those kids the best possible start in life † Through the EYFS practicians use the four subjects of alone kid, Positive relationships, enabling environment and acquisition and development to enable inclusive pattern. It is each commissariats duty to take barriers to inclusion, be a positive function theoretical account for valuing diverseness, challenge kids and be alert to marks of exclusion. The National Children ‘s Bureau and Early Years Equality Organisation have proposed a 6th result, viz. to be equal- feel you belong. The benefits of inclusion for kids in Early Old ages are huge. Children learn to value others and in bend they excessively are valued. Their single demands are catered for and they are able to play in enriched environments, where they can larn about others backgrounds and civilizations. Early Old ages scenes need to hold committedness to inclusive pattern to enable kids to accomplish. Inclusive pattern takes into history the United Nations Convention on the rights of the kid, which stated that all kids and immature people have the right to state what they think about affairs that affect them and that they are taken earnestly. ( ) Equality in Early Old ages is concerned with run intoing the demands of single kids. It includes everyone regardless of ethnicity, civilization, faith, household background, place linguistic communication, larning troubles, disablements, gender or ability. ( MacLeod-Brudenell 2004:257 ) Children are influenced by their place environment, household values and societal factors. Vygotsky described that a kid ‘s development is embedded in society and that they are a meaningful member from birth. ( Fawcett 2009:49 ) Bruner developed a scaffolding attack based on Vygotsky ‘s zones of proximal development, he believed kids learnt within their cultural environment. It is of import therefore to value kids ‘s civilization so that they develop. Bronfenbrenner ‘s ‘systems ‘ suggested that non merely was the kid influenced by immediate household ( micro ) , the wider societal context of school ( meso ) and parents work topographic points and Government ( exo ) besides had an consequence on them. Research into the benefits for kids go toing a high quality preschool proviso was completed by the 2004 Effective Provision of Preschool Education ( EPPE ) Government undertaking which stated the importance of inclusion and recognised the significance of the Early Old ages. It stated that with respect to SEN scenes should supply different larning chances to run into the demands of single kids. ( Fawcett 2009:93 ) EPPE concluded that early intercession was a cardinal factor in bettering kids ‘s cognitive development. This essay will foreground larning troubles and disablements and the Governments scheme to turn to inequality and inclusion. Children who need excess support in countries such as behavioral or emotional, physical or centripetal, address and linguistic communication are said to hold a Particular Educational Need ( SEN ) . The SEN Code of pattern ( Dfes 2001 ) is used by suppliers to guarantee kids with SEN are given support that is required to run into their specific demands. Guidance on how to place, buttocks and ) supply aid is contained in the codification which should be used in concurrence with the commissariats policy for SEN. If a kid had been identified within a scene as holding SEN they are entitled to holding extra programme of support described as Early Old ages Action. Parents are informed throughout and if it becomes necessary to affect professionals, such a address and linguistic communication healers or kid psychologists the kid is so entitled to a programme described as Early Old ages Action Plus. Individual Education Plans ( IEP ) are devised for kids with SEN in scenes to back up and develop single acquisition. These frequently high spot specific countries of concern or developmental demand. Close partnership with parents and professionals impact on kids ‘s acquisition and development frequently ensuing in better passages to other scenes or school entry. Observations and appraisals are valuable in early intercession. However, would it be more valuable for IEP ‘s to go built-in to be aftering for all kids, holding respect for Every Child Matters results and the Early Years Foundation Stage model, which valued individualized acquisition and development. Funding for SEN has increased from ?2.8 billion to ?4.1 billion in the last four old ages, a Parliament publication described, nevertheless there are still kids being allow down by the system which causes defeat to parents, kids schools and local governments. The Education and Skills Act of 2008 stated it was the responsibility of local governments to advance immature peoples ‘ engagement in instruction and preparation. The Warnock study in 1978 introduced the incorporate attack, now known as inclusive attack and statements of SEN. This study was similar to ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ and Every Child Matters because it put the kid at the Centre of its docket and used a squad work attack. However, Warnock suggested in 2005 that unless there was a alteration in precedence given to kids with SEN the enterprise would non accomplish its purpose. Warnock was described by the Disability Rights Commission as saying subdivision 8 of the Human Rights Act which announced kids have â€Å" the right to personal development and right to set up relationships with other human existences and the outside universe † She suggested that the importance for the kid was that they were able to accomplish this, non peculiarly where they achieved it, she believed particular schools were the manner forward for some kids with SEN and non others. Inequalities and neg effects this enterprise aims to turn to†¦ †¦ .. The challenges confronting kids who have Special Educational Needs ( SEN ) are that excessively many kids are waiting excessively long to hold their demands met. Early intercession is hindered by deficiency of support or hapless coordination between professionals. Mainstream scenes are diffident how they will pull off, they may experience ailment equipped, so kids may be turned off. Developing staff accomplishments needs to be a precedence. Particular schools feel they may hold an unsure hereafter. Families face fluctuations in degrees of support that is available to them within their Local Authority. The ‘postcode lottery ‘ that exists demands careful consideration and alteration. The ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ inaugural purposes to raise outlooks and accomplishment through individualized instruction, constructing on what kids already know and can make. It understands the demand for kids to be active scholars. Every Child Matters believed that early intercession was the key to back uping kids with SEN. Using an integrated attack such as Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) the squad of preschool, wellness service, parents and professionals assess the demands of single kids through careful observations. Because it is of import to observe that kids behave otherwise in different state of affairss the CAF would turn out utile for seting all relevant observations together to bring forth an appraisal. Potential impact of enterprise†¦ The inclusive attack to advancing the possible and public assistance of kids with SEN will supply better results for kids. High quality, flexible commissariats who value parental engagement would take to early designation and intercession. It was hoped that the ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ inaugural would supply preparation and academic support for staff. The ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ inaugural believed that over clip the figure of kids go toing particular schools would fall. Increased cognition and capablenesss in mainstream scenes would enable this to go on, nevertheless the Government still accepted some kids needed the instruction provided by particular schools. The University of Cambridge reported in a Parliament publication that there was grounds that kids who would hold antecedently attended particular schools were booming in mainstream instruction. However it besides reported that some instructors and schools felt sick equipped to get by with kids with SEN. Failings†¦ OFSTED, 2004 described there to be a important deficiency of advancement in commissariats refering SEN. A Parliament publication suggested OFSTED had commented â€Å" advancement in larning remains slower than it should be for a important figure of students † Although OFSTED stated the programme raised consciousness of the benefits for inclusion and had made some betterments to pattern, it besides suggested this was merely in a minority of schools it visited. A Parliament publication described how Lord Adonis, the Under Secretary of State for schools and Minister with duty for SEN commented â€Å" the current system is non working absolutely † he suggested that some households were still non having equal support, doing defeat. Research into how the programme has progressed is still merely on a little graduated table, small has been produced to see the societal impact of inclusion on SEN kids and their equals in mainstream schools. A survey by Education Exeter in 2010 will look at friendly relationships and societal interactions with respect to inclusion. This will turn out utile in understanding how much kids are affected by the programme aimed at taking barriers to achievement. A cardinal precedence is developing of the Early Years work force in recognizing SEN and step ining early, nevertheless is increasing funding adequate to do this happen. Harmonizing to Dyson ( cited Lloyd ) is the programme more concerned with bettering National Standards instead than the engagement and inclusion of kids with SEN? Would a alteration in the course of study better suit taking barriers to achievement through developing it to reflect the holistic attack instead than kids accomplishing on a graduated table? P graduated tables are a mandatory portion of educating kids with SEN that are working below flat 1 of the national course of study. The Inclusion development programme which was launched following the ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ is counsel for commissariats concentrating on specific countries of SEN. It gives utile information and counsel for commissariats to better inclusive pattern through preparation stuffs, information refering where to happen specific aid and advice. It is an priceless acquisition resource to enable quality betterment. Through go oning professional development Early Old ages practicians work to place prejudiced pattern for illustration stereotyping, ignorance, bias and fright. ( Jones 2004:15 ) Through placing factors which may discourage inclusion practicians can measure pattern and do betterments. In decision the inaugural ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ aimed to turn to issues associating to inequality and inclusion. Although the rules of the scheme are clear to assist kids to make their full potency, in world some kids with SEN are still neglecting to accomplish this. The Every Child Matters personalised instruction attack to SEN and a quicker system of appraisal and support will be required to accomplish the schemes aims. It maintained that early intercession was the factor that would find its success as the Surestart programme outlined in the Children ‘s Act 2004. Other factors that need to be addressed are bureaucratism and paperwork, doing certain schools and instructors are equipped to run into kids ‘s demands through preparation and support. It besides needs to measure resources and increased support in order to supply high quality early old ages practicians that value and advance equality and inclusive pattern.

The College Success Course - 646 Words

A quality education ignites a thirst for learning that forms a foundation for an affluent community. Unfortunately, an embarrassing amount of high school graduates of Bogalusa, Louisiana, are not thirsting for higher education. In 2011, City Data reported that 72.9% of adults, aged 25 or older living in Bogalusa, Louisiana, has a high school degree, but only 12.0% of the same population has earned a bachelor’s degree. This is an obvious problem for the individual students who decide not to go to college but the lack of higher education affects the entire community as a whole. Without a bachelor’s degree, students are less likely to be employed, more likely to live in poverty, and are less active citizens of their community. Students with a low level of education are also more likely of welfare dependency and crime. In order to raise the 12% college educated citizens in Bogalusa, high school juniors and seniors of Bogalusa High School should be required to complete a col lege success course before graduation. The ultimate purpose of the College Success course is to teach each junior and senior the benefits of successfully earning a bachelor’s degree and the consequences of choosing not to pursue higher education. This will be accomplished by helping students to define goals and interests, understanding college costs, and planning financially and academically. The first step is for the teacher to prepare a list of questions to help students define goals and interests. ThisShow MoreRelatedStudent Success Course For College1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthis student success course to hopefully become a well rounded student. The greatest take away was the strategies and tools I learned to help me succeed in life and in college as they were essential skills I lacked as a student. Helping me to build effective ways to get good grades in my other classes by building effective study habits then ineffective study habits I have been using previously. Thus I have improved in many ways than one in the many skills and strategies needed as a college student inRead MoreStudent Success Course Takers Perceptions Of College Student Effectiveness Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Internet Use and Academic Success in University Students†, by Torres-Dà ­az, Juan-Carlos and others, discusses how â€Å"technological activity corresponds with student success in higher education† (Torres-Dà ­az et al, 1). â€Å"Engagement Strategies for Increasing Student Writing Success† by Patricia R. Huskin explores â€Å"various writing strategies meant to help students succeed† (Huskin, 1). â€Å"College Student Success Course Takers’ Perceptions of College Student Effectiveness† by Leah D. Hoops,Read MoreThe Relationship Between Student Success Courses and Academic Achievement of Community College Students645 Words   |  3 Pagesproblem With the intent of raising the state’s mediocre ranking among higher education institutions, the Tennessee Legislature passed into law the Complete College Act (CCA) in 2006. Setting a goal of increasing the number of college graduates by 3.5 percent annually, the law has radically reformed the way Tennessee funds its public community colleges and universities. Eliminating the old enrollment formula, which funded the institutions based on student enrollment headcounts, the CCA is a model ofRead MoreMy College Success Course Has Changed Me With New Perspectives And Valuable Skills937 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral of the readings, activities, and class discussions assigned in my College Success course have impacted me in a way that has provided me with new perspectives and valuable skills. This course has, so far, granted me with a new attitude towards my overall success. The activities challenge us students, by requiring us to engage and actively research topics that we can i ncorporate into our everyday lives. From the textbook, I have been able to apply a large portion of the material to my everydayRead MoreHigh Rigor Courses At Englewood High School941 Words   |  4 Pageshigh school curriculum is a strong predictor of college success and is positively related to standardized test scores, college enrollment rates, four-year graduation rates and negatively related to remediation rates. Additionally, students taking high rigor coursework receive several benefits in their postsecondary careers as college students including the ability to prove to universities that they have the ability to succeed in high rigor courses, improvement of writing skills and problem solvingRead MoreCollege And Career Readiness For College Students Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesAs the United States economy requires more students to obtain college degrees, the number of students entering college unprepared becomes a pressing concern. According to Bragg Taylor (2014) growing concern of college and career readiness (CCR) in the United States is requiring policy makers and educators to review factors that contribute to success. When students enter college unprepared, remediation courses are taken costing the student monies for skills that could have been completed prior toRead MoreThe Focus Of My Action Research958 Words   |  4 Pages My student’s survey and interviews focused on their college experiences. Others questioned their assessment of their college classes, teachers, student service departments and so on. Questions on whether they would recommend the college to others, but my focus was on their college experience as an integrating themselves into college life. Some of the themes that are emerging are that most find lacking in matching schedules with courses offered. The lack of classes being offered in one campusRead MoreBenefits Of Studying And Learning Mathematics Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesa 2015 article written by Judith Keller, she stated that â€Å"†¦ 60% of community college students require at least one developmental mathematics course†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 4). Deficiencies in math skills occur for a variety of reasons. Today, more than 50% of all college students are over the age of 24 (Center, 2016) and need to improve or change their job skills. Those same students may never have had a college preparatory course. Many veterans returning to civilian life did not complete algebra 2 or higherRead MoreThe Effect Of High Rigor Coursework On Indicators Of Postsecondary Success1469 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Students for College: An exploratory study of the impact of high rigor coursework on indicators of postsecondary success Overview and purpose of the project: The current study examined participation in a rigorous high school curriculum and the corresponding outcomes related to college enrollment, persistence, and graduation. Because participation in high rigor college preparatory courses is related to college success, it is expected that students participating in courses with high rigor wouldRead MoreStudent Success And Support Services Program Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesResearch/Policy Topic Analysis: Student Success and Support Services Program (SSSP) Background The Student Success and Support Program (SSSP) for California community colleges arose as a result of the Senate Bill 1456 with a mission â€Å"to increase California community college student access and success by providing effective core matriculation services, including orientation, assessment and placement, counseling, and other educational planning services, and academic interventions,† or follow-up services

Handwriting Definition, Examples, and Discussions

Handwriting is writing done by hand with a pen, pencil, digital stylus, or another instrument. The art, skill, or manner of handwriting is called penmanship. Handwriting in which successive letters are joined is called cursive script. Handwriting in which the letters are separated (as block letters) is called manuscript style or printing. Decorative handwriting (as well as the art of producing decorative handwriting) is called calligraphy. Examples and Observations Legible, fast and personal handwriting, like the other secretarial skills, will develop most effectively within purposeful writing contexts where pride in the writers own work links with a respect for the needs of the reader. (Michael Lockwood, Opportunities for English in the Primary School. Trentham Books, 1996)Technology seems to have ruined our collective handwriting ability. The digital age, with its typing and its texting, has left us unable to jot down the simplest of notes with anything like penmanship. A third of us cant even read our own writing, let alone anyone elses, according to a survey by the not-entirely-unbiased print and post specialists Docmail. (Rin Hamburgh, The Lost Art of Handwriting. The Guardian, August 21, 2013) Teaching and Learning Handwriting Given effective teaching, handwriting can be mastered by most pupils by the time they are seven or eight years old, enabling them, with practice, to go on to develop a faster and more mature hand ready for secondary school and adult life..To avoid handwriting practice becoming tedious, most teachers have a policy of little and often, rather than having fewer prolonged sessions; they may also utilise stories and story characters to represent letter shapes. Whatever approach is adopted, children need to be relaxed yet able to concentrate and (for right-handers) encouraged to hold a pencil between the thumb and forefinger with the pencil resting on the third finger.(Denis Hayes, Encyclopedia of Primary Education. Routledge, 2010)Let the pen glideLike gently rolling stream,Restless, but yetUnwearied and serene;Forming and blending forms,With graceful ease.Thus, letter, word and lineAre born to please.(Platt Rogers Spencer, originator of the Spencerian system of cursive handwriting, popul ar in the U.S. in the 19th century. Quoted by William E. Henning in An Elegant Hand: The Golden Age of American Penmanship and Calligraphy. Oak Knoll Press, 2002)All but five states [in the U.S.] no longer require the teaching of cursive handwriting in public elementary schools. Cooper Union, one of the nations premier art schools ... no longer offers a calligraphy major. And social stationery, the horse to calligraphys carriage, is in decline, as computer fonts and online invitation services offer cheaper, quicker alternatives. (Gena Feith, With Pen in Hand, He Battles On. The Wall Street Journal, September 3, 2012) The "Magic" of Handwriting Whether you use a pencil, a pen, an old typewriter or something electrical is largely irrelevant to the result, although there is magic in writing by hand. Its not just that it has been that way for 5,000 years or more, and has engraved upon our expectations of literature the effects associated with the pen--the pauses; considerations; sometimes the racing; the scratching out; the transportation of words and phrases with arrows, lines and circles; the closeness of the eyes to the page; the very touching of the page--but that the pen, not being a machine (it does not meet the scientific definition of a machine), is a surrender to a different power than those of mere speed and efficiency. In short, a pen (somehow) helps you think and feel. And although once you find a pen you like youll probably stick with it the way an addict sticks with heroin, it can be anything from a Mont Blanc to a Bic. (Mark Helprin, Skip the Paris Cafà ©s and Get a Good Pen. The Wall Street Journal, September 29, 2012) Digital Handwriting Even after the invention of the typewriter, many great writers stuck with longhand. Hemingway slashed out his words in pen and ink while standing at a specially made desk, and Margaret Mitchell scribbled Gone With the Wind in dozens of composition notebooks. But with the rise of the keyboard, and, more recently, the touchscreen, it seems as if pen-and-paper lovers are out of luck. Think again. While the technology that enables artists to draw accurately on touch screens has been with us for most of this decade, only recently have computer and tablet users been able to draw or write directly onto a screen using pens so sensitive they can change the appearance of the sketched lines depending on drawing speed and hand pressure... Except for the Livescribe pen, none of these devices precisely mimics the experience of writing on paper. But these styluses reproduce hand motions with enough fidelity to record notes with plenty of detail, and the handwriting recognition built into Windows 7 ensures your hastily jotted shopping list won’t read like Absurdist poetry. (John Biggs, Hand-Held Tools for Digital Scribblers. The New York Times, June 30, 2011) The Three Elements of Fine Penmanship Americas fine penmanship of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—whether basic handwriting, pointed-pen calligraphy, or something in between—was founded mainly on three elements: the appreciation of good letter-forms, the knowledge of good position (of fingers, hand, wrist, arm, etc.), and the mastery of correct movement (of fingers, hand, wrist, and arm). [Joseph] Carstairs and [Benjamin] Foster described a full range of movement techniques—whole arm, forearm, finger, combined movements—and these techniques (and terminology) were soon adopted by the Spencerians and others who came later. (William E. Henning, An Elegant Hand: The Golden Age of American Penmanship and Calligraphy. Oak Knoll Press, 2002) The Connection Between Handwriting and Spelling According to [E.] Bearne ([Making Progress in English,] 1998), the connection between handwriting and spelling relates to kinaesthetic memory, that is the way we internalize things through repeated movements. Forming letter shapes in the air, or in sand, with paint, with a finger on the table, on paper with a pencil or pen, or even writing out misspellings several times encourages the kinaesthetic memory for the particular movements. [M.L.] Peters ([Spelling: Caught or Taught,] 1985) similarly discussed perceptuo-motor ability and argued that carefulness in handwriting goes hand in hand with swift handwriting, which in turn influences spelling ability. Children who can fluently write letter strings such as -ing, -able, -est, -tion, -ous are more likely to remember how to spell words containing those strings. (Dominic Wyse and Russell Jones, Teaching English, Language and Literacy, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2008) The Poor Handwriting of Great Writers Before the blessed invention of the typewriter, printers used to wind up with the screaming meemies trying to decipher the manuscripts sent to them by publishers. According to Herbert Mayes, the erudite magazine editor, printers refused to work with Balzacs manuscripts more than an hour at a time. Mayes also reports that Hawthornes writing was almost indecipherable, and Byrons a mere scrawl. Someone described Carlyles handwriting in a manner reminiscent of mine: Eccentric and spiteful little flourishes dart about his manuscript in various odd ways, sometimes evidently intended as a cross to a t, but constantly recoiling in absurd fashion, as if attempting a somersault and destroying the entire word from which they sprung. Some letters slope in one way, and some another, some are halt, maimed and crippled, and all are blind. Montaigne and Napoleon, Mayes further reveals, couldnt read their own writing. Sydney Smith said of his calligraphy that it was as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs. (Sydney J. Harris, Strictly Personal. Henry Regnery Company, 1953)

Essay on Academic vs Mainstream Writing - 877 Words

There are many differences between articles written for scholars and articles written for popular audiences. According to Anne Johns, the author of â€Å"Discourse Communities and Communities of Practice,† there are ten conventions or moves that exist only in academic prose and when violated, author is seen as an outsider of the discourse community. John Swales (â€Å"Create a Research Space† (CARS) Model Research Introductions) and Ken Hyland also talk about writing and the similarities between all academic writing in â€Å"Create a Research Space† (CARS) Model Research Instructions and â€Å"Disciplinary Courses†. Based on research by Swales, Hyland, and Johns on academic writing, and research by Jeanne Fahnestock, Charles Sullivan and Cameron M. Smith on†¦show more content†¦(1b) CNN â€Å"Koreans use the term â€Å"hallyu† to describe the phenomenon. It refers to the â€Å"Korean Wave† of entertainment that has swept across the shores of almost every single country in the region, even increasingly beyond† (Farrar 1). The passages above are saying essentially the same thing, however, the one published by CNN is not as detailed as the scholarly one, and it only gives enough information for readers to know what the Korean Wave is. Also, in academic articles there are no pictures because unlike popular writers, scholars do not rely on pictures as a medium of capturing their readers’ attention or interest them in reading the article. The Structure of Mainstream Articles Mainstream articles tend to be 1-3 pages long, but page length is not the only difference from academic articles. Headlines are also a big aspect in popular as it is one of the mediums used to get people to read the article, even though at times the headline may not always be related to the content of the article. In popular articles you will see pictures and for online magazines you also see advertisements for different products, this is because unlike scholars, mainstream writers dependShow MoreRelatedCourse Study Guide Essay1931 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 1 1. Explain the history of structured English immersion in Arizona. Lau vs. Nicols 1974 decided that non-English speaking children thrown into English classes and told to â€Å"sink or swim† violated their civil rights. Under the Supreme Court decision, schools were required to provide material and teaching necessary to help ELL students with the language. No more language based discrimination. Flores vs. Arizona 1992 argued that Arizona was not paying enough funds and adequate programsRead MoreTow Way Immersion Education Programs in the United States1864 Words   |  7 Pagesthe US. In addition to the need to educate the vast growing minority language demographic in the US, bilingual education leads to academic achievement for all involved (Lindhold-Leary 2004). If the research clearly shows that TWI programs not only help the language-minority groups but also the language-majority groups to achieve at or above-average grade level academic success in two languages, then why aren’t all parents urging their school administrators to implement programs in their kids schoolsRead More Effective Literacy Strategies for English Language Learners 2648 Words   |  11 Pages 2005). It is a population that is going to continue to increase in American public education and their specific needs for learning literacy are of great importance to teachers. Since schools and teach ers are increasingly judged based upon the academic achievement of students, then the success of the growing population of ELLs is going to be increasingly important. 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Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace Free Essays

Canada is composed of people from all walks of life and from every race, color,creed and ethnic background imaginable. Despite our varied lifestyles and beliefs, we areall equal and are entitled to the same treatment before the law and in the workplace. Although we have this diversity, discrimination is something that unfortunately, mostpeople have to deal with it at some point in their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Provincial human rights codes tryto prevent this unpleasantness, by prohibiting any type of discrimination in service,accommodations and employment. Zero tolerance grounds are based on Discrimination by: race, gender, ancestry, place of origin, color, citizenship, creed, sexual orientation,age, family status and handicap. Discrimination can also include harassment based on both race, and ethnic origin, as well as sexual harassment. Despite these codes, discrimination is not guaranteed to never occur. In fact,everyday people lose their jobs or promotions because of discrimination, and women areharassed at work or people with disabilities are denied opportunities. Harassment, whether by a supervisor or co-worker, creates a barriere to equality by demeaning its victims, interfering with their ability to work effectively and, in some instances, even forcing them to resign. Eventhough there is plenty of publicity surrounding this issue, studies consistently show that women continue to face harassment in the workplace. No organization can afford to lose the talent of its female staff because of outdated attitudes, the imposition of higher standards for women, or a failure to give women the opportunity to acquire relevant experience in key areas of the organization. There is a need for employers to take a hard look at lingering stereotypes and misconceptions and to ensure that high-potential women benefit equally with men from career-enhancing. Although it is not often spoken of, there are occasionally occurrences of sexual discrimination against men. Imagine a day-care center where 12 women and one male work. You are a first time mother and for the first time you are leaving your two year old child in the care of someone else for an entire day. Many women would be likely to ask for their child to remain in the care of strictly some females, due to their loving caring nature and maternal instincts. If you think about this it is obvious how males could getdiscriminated against by women, it is just not reported as often because most men do not want all that attention, and feel it would be better to just forget about it. Employers have a responsibility to: I) provide a working environment that is free from harassment and discrimination; and, ii) deal effectively, quickly and fairly with any situations involving claims of harassment or discrimination that come to their attention. Employers could be held liable by a court or tribunal if they or their managers do not act to put an end to discrimination or harassment in their workplaces. There are several questions that are not allowed to be asked of an employee not only surrounding gender. For example questions about or relating to physical characteristics such as color of eyes, hair, height, weight, or requests for photographs. Questions about speaking English or French fluently, unless to do so is a reasonable and bonafide requirement for the position are also strictly prohibited. Questions about or relating to religious affiliation, religious institutions attended, religious holidays, customs observed,willingness to work on a specific day which may conflict with requirements of a particular faith (e. . Saturday or Sunday Sabbath days)are also against the law. The human rights laws however do come in handy as a way for victims to fight back. How a human rights complaint is handled varies from country to country. In Ontario an individual who believes he or she has been the victim of some form of discrimination asserts his or her rights by filing a complaint with the human rights commission. The complaint is then investigated by an officer of the commission who will try to reach a settlement with the parties involved. If the officers attempts to arrive at a settlement fail and it is concluded that the complaint has merit, a recommendation will be made to the Minister of Labor to appoint a board of inquiry. The board will then conduct a formal hearing, where both parties have the opportunity to present their cases. In Ontario, the board of inquiry has the authority to direct the offending party to do anything necessary to comply with the code, such as ordering restitution for monetary loss and awarding up to $10 000 for mental anguish. When a formal complaint to the human rights commission is made, it can get very expensive an time consuming for the company. As a general rule, the commission publishes settlements and awards that are viewed as having a public education value, thus damaging the company†s reputation. Aside from both the cost and the damage to the company†s reputation employers should recognize that promoting an equal opportunity work place can also help motivate employees and improve a company†s performance. Apart from the adverse publicity, human rights laws have penalties such as a monetary awards, public apologies, reinstatement of employees or orders of financial compensation for lost time, expenses incurred, and damages to professional or personal reputation and fires. Human rights officials can also order companies to make a job offer to a complainant, begin an affirmative action program in the company or sen staff to the discrimination awareness seminars. If a company has a government contract , the board may even seek cancellation of that contract. To avoid the above consequences there are five steps that can be followed to ensure equal opportunity in any workplace. The first step is to make a clear corporate commitment to human rights. Senior executives should declare their commitment and be accountable at each tier of the management structure. There should be a written policy on discrimination distributed to every member of the company. The second step is to examine recruiting procedures. Employers should look for anything that may offend the aw, such as unusual language or physical requirements, unless it can be proven essential to the job. Application forms should be reviewed and interviews should avoid any conduct or comments that could be perceived as discriminatory. The third step is to monitor the workplace. Management has an obligation to intervene if there is any evidence of harassment or discriminatory behavior. Consider providing a hotline whereby employees can report to. Harvey†s, which is operated by CARA limited, has a fairly complex yet easy to follow policy, that other companies could follow. It is five page typed policy that was last updated in May of 1995. It defines sexual harassment as â€Å"deliberate and unsolicited and can be offensive sexual comments, gestures or physical contact that are unwanted or offensive either on a first time basis or as a continuous series of incidents. It may also involve favours, promises of favours, advantages in return for giving in to sexual advances or, the threat of revenge for refusing them. It states that flirtation, or a workplace romance between two consenting persons is not harassment. (Cara Operations limited, 1) Teammates who feel that they are being sexually harassed should immediately SAY NO!!!!! The employee is responsible of immediately making sure that the offender is out of line and that the behaviour is totally inappropriate. 2) The employee is encouraged to approach his or her supervisor and/or a member of the Human Resource Team for guidance. 3) The employee is encouraged to immediately file a complaint with the Human Resource Department. There are also five steps that management guarantees they will take when a complaint of harassment is filed. First they will ensure than an examination of the complaint will take place immediately. Next they will advise the alleged person that a complaint has been lodged. Then an interview with all persons involved will take place. Interviews will be taken with any witnesses followed by a clearly, accurately filled out document. On the final page of the policy, there is a section entitled â€Å"corrective action†. It basically states that is an offender is found guilty he/she will be terminated. It also states that if it is found that someone has intentionally wrongfully accused someone then he/she will be terminated as well. Other methods of corrective action that are stated are suspension, or loss of responsibilities. As you have seen sexual discrimination and harassment are two acts that go hand and hand, and unfortunately they are both issues that are delt with much too often. If all workplaces joined together and made similar policies that are strictly enforced, perhaps our world would be a little more equal, and discrimination would be unheard of. How to cite Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace, Essay examples