The Manhattan Project essays

The Manhattan Project essays In 1939 and research into atomic energies was progressing at a frightening pace, and the world was in turmoil. At this time in history the imagined immediate and long term consequences of allowing an overtly aggressive regime to gain such a powerful technological advantage lead Albert Einstein to draft a letter to President Roosevelt informing him that powerful bombs could potentially be developed utilizing the strong forces present at sub-atomic levels (Einstein 1). In an effort to evaluate the possibilities Einstein proposed Roosevelt formed a special committee to conduct preliminary research on the military implications of atomic energies and offered grants to private researchers ("August 1939"). By 1942 pressure was mounting in what seemed to be a race to develop an atomic bomb. Russia, Germany, France, and even Japan were on the hunt to be the first countries to get the upper hand in atomic technology ("The Story of the Atomic Bomb"). In September 1942 Roosevelt created The Manhattan Project (officially: The Manhattan Engineer District) which moved control of the research from the public sector to the United States Army. The project was named after the location of Columbia University within New York City where a majority of the preliminary research was conducted ("Why Was the Manhattan Project Called That?"). The first controlled nuclear chain reaction occurred in a room under the stands of the abandoned University of Chicago stadium in December 1942 ("Genesis: The Chicago Pile"). Within two years, the Manhattan Project would successfully test the world's first atomic bomb in the deserts of New Mexico. The success of the Manhattan Project gave the United States the upper hand not only in bringing World War II to a close, but also in the post-war world where conventional methods of total war were forever altered. ...

How did American jazz influence Brazilian guitar music Essay

How did American jazz influence Brazilian guitar music - Essay Example The earliest effect of jazz on Brazilian music may be traced back to Choro music which is considered the precursor of Brazilian jazz and bossa nova. Choro bands appeared as early as 1870 and by 1920s this music was made popular by prominent national composer Heitor Villa-Lobos. This music resembled New Orleans Jazz known as ragtime (Candelaria and Garcia 93). Livingston-Isenhour et al (104) trace the influence of American jazz on Brazilian guitar music. According to them, in the beginning, it was actually American audience mesmerized by exotic freshness of the Brazilian music sung by Carmen Miranda in 1940-1950. However, they posit that American music influenced Brazilian culture much more, thereafter. American music being sophisticated and cosmopolitan was also considered a threat to Brazilian culture by some. During World War II Roosevelt began a good neighbor policy to keep Brazil on its side. As a result of this policy American creative artists such as filmmakers and musicians al so traveled to Brazil. Though the cultural exchange did flourish American music in Brazil but American Jazz had become popular in Brazil much before the good Neighbor policy of Roosevelt. As early as in 1920s American jazz music was available in Brazilian market. By 1940s American music overtook Brazilian music in record sales and frequency of transmission on radio.

The Economics of Education & Financing Education Adequately Essay

The Economics of Education & Financing Education Adequately - Essay Example This paper explores the evidences that increasing social problems may lead to large increases in the annual cost of public elementary and secondary education in Fentress County Tennessee. The paper also determines the current expenditures per pupil in Fentress County, three surrounding counties, and the state per pupil expenditure average. Response to question one. Increasing social problems could cause massive increases in the annual cost of public secondary and elementary education. Social problem involves social issues that may plague the system of education. For example, emotional, ethical, gender, economic, and cultural issues are some of the social problems in education. The major effect of these problems on education has always been to increasing the cost of education (Brimley, Rulon, Garfield, et.al. 2008). For instance, economic issues increase the cost of education by making the government give out financial support to families with low income, give scholarships, and run th e education programs. This leads to a high cost of maintaining education in the secondary and elementary levels of education. According to the Fentress County Tennessee, the average cost of educating a child placed in a public school was more than six thousand dollars ($7,436) for one year (Brimley, Rulon, Garfield, et.al. 2008). Of this annual amount, a huge percentage of funds are typically allocated to activities of teaching. This is an area where the effects of social problems are realized. The cost due to behavioral problems is approximately 65% or about $ 4,833. Even though, the other sections of the school like supervision and administration could also be affected by social problems, the annual figure of the teaching portion of education, in this case, was used in the calculation. As per a research conducted by the Public Agenda research group in Fentress County Tennessee, 45% of school teachers reported that they normally spend a significant part of their time to manage the behaviour of their classroom thus making them to spend a little time in teaching (Brimley, Rulon, Garfield, et.al. 2008). This implies that, for every ten teachers, four of them spent over 55% of their principal classroom time on dealing with social problems of the learners. In terms of finances, the impact cost of a statistic like this one is 55% of $4,833 which is equal to $ 2,658. This is the amount of finances that is wasted on the management of social issues for every child per year. A study conducted on a number of schools in Fentress County Tennessee, having different school size, reported a massive education cost due to managing social problems in the school (Brimley, Rulon, Garfield, et.al. 2008). From this study, a table (Table1) was drawn to display the cost impact of social problems on education. Table 1: Cost impact of social problems management in Fentress County District schools. School Size Cost impact of social problems management on education based on the percent o f time spent. 25% 30% 50% 250 $328,563 $394,275 $657,125 400 $525,700 $630,840 $1,051,400 500 $657,125 $788,550 $1,314,250 650 $854,263 $1,025,115 $1,708,525 800 $1,051,400 $1261,680 $2,102,800 1000 $1,314,250 $1,577,100 $2,628,500 The table (Table1) shows out the cost effect of managing the behaviour of students in the classroom. When observed keenly as a percent of the time lost out of approximately 180 days (a school year), the figures are disturbing. Number of school days lost due to social problems m

Multiculturalism in contemporary english literature(how to do a Essay

Multiculturalism in contemporary english literature(how to do a research for this topic) - Essay Example multicultural education, or multicultural menu.† As pertains to contemporary English literature, contemporary multicultural English literature would be that body of written work by authors whose work comes to fruition during the twentieth century, incorporating themes and characters of a cultural diversity; such as the works of Salman Rushdie, wherein Rushdie’s work, as Deepika Bahri (2004) suggests, is reflects a body of work that represents â€Å"’hybrid temporalities of ‘of colonialism.† Rushdie’s work, as Bahri suggests, falls within the â€Å"paleocolonial† era; or those post-colonial writers who by time and space in a post-colonial empire, whose work has not been the subject of post-colonial resentment and suppression.1 While there indeed exists a variety of contemporary English literary works from which to select that include a multicultural diversity by way of author and theme, with the exception of a limited, albeit growing, bod y of works, they tend to be works portraying the English protagonist in a foreign setting. The goal of this paper became one of searching the existing body of contemporary literature for a work of literature reflecting a multicultural setting, written by author of other than a British born English heritage, and whose story presents a protagonist as hero, or heroine of that story in a multicultural setting and of a multicultural heritage. To that end, the focus rested on the works of author Salman Rushdie, whose body of work emanated from lands other than England, and brought to the reader the opportunity to both discover the essence of a rich multicultural environment and tradition through interesting multicultural characters. Narrowing down the selection within Rushdie’s body of work to the multicultural work encompassing the goals previously discussed, the focus of this paper is Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh (1997).2 The selection of support materials for inclusion in this paper were made on the basis of

The Ulu Burun Shipwreck: Underwater Archaeology at its Finest Essay

Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations. A prime example of the possible contributions of underwater archaeology is the Ulu Burun shipwreck. The Ulu Burun shipwreck is the remains of a Late Bronze Age (~1600 – 1050 BCE) trading vessel dated to about 1300 BCE. The shipwreck was discovered in 1982 off the coast of Ulu Burun, near the modern city of Kas, Turkey. This fifty-foot long vessel was resting at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of approximately 150 feet. Eleven sets of excavations were conducted from 1984 to 1994 in order to deliver the artifacts to the surface for analysis. From this wreck site, archaeologists now have a more detailed and precise understanding about the trade and distribution of commodities in the Late Bronze Age. With very little textual information available from this time period, archaeologists knew very little about the items that were traded, cultures that traded with each other, and the trade routes. The Ulu Burun shipwrecks acts as a time... ...e Late Bronze Age are presented in underwater archaeology. As a result, there should be a greater push for archaeologists to explore more of the ocean in order to learn about the past. Works Cited Bass, George F. "A Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun (Kaş): 1984 Campaign." JSTOR. American Journal of Archaeology. Web. 20 May 2012. . Bass, George F. "Oldest Shipwreck Reveals the Splendors of the Bronze Age." National Geographic 1987. Print. Bowens, Amanda. Underwater Archaeology: The NAS Guide to Principles and Practice. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2009. Print. Gates, Charles. Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece, and Rome. London: Routledge, 2003. Print. Renfrew, Colin, and Paul Bahn. Archaeology: Theory Methods and Practice. London: Thames & Hudson, 1996. Print.

UK Policies Regarding Inequality And Inclusion Education Essay

This essay will place one UK enterprise within Early Old ages that aims to turn to issues associating to inequality and inclusion. It will discourse the inequalities and the subsequent negative effects that this enterprise aims to turn to. It will analyze the possible impact of the enterprise. ‘Removing barriers to achievement ‘ was a Government enterprise in 2004 to enable kids with extra demands to make their full potency, by giving chances to play, learn and develop. It promoted the importance of affecting kids with SEN in doing determinations about their ain acquisition through communicating with them. It had a vision to back up early old ages ‘ scenes, schools and local governments in doing betterments in commissariats. It built on the Every Child Matters results and utilizing incorporate services to better inclusive pattern. It covered four cardinal countries ; early intercession through supplying entree to suited child care for kids and households ; taking barriers to larning through inclusive pattern in every scene ; raising outlooks and accomplishments, through bettering learning accomplishments and schemes for run intoing the demands of kids with SEN ; and presenting the importance of partnership through an built-in attack so parents can be confident that their kids will acquire the instruction they need. ( Lloyd ) Dewey described how a balanced course of study of kids ‘s active acquisition and high quality instruction of cognition was needed for experimental instruction. It is necessary to understand what is meant by equality and inclusion and this essay will take to clear up this. With respect to inclusion the Early Years Foundation Stage statutory model ( 9:1.13 ) suggests: â€Å" suppliers should present individualized acquisition, development and attention that enhances the development of the kids in their attention and gives those kids the best possible start in life † Through the EYFS practicians use the four subjects of alone kid, Positive relationships, enabling environment and acquisition and development to enable inclusive pattern. It is each commissariats duty to take barriers to inclusion, be a positive function theoretical account for valuing diverseness, challenge kids and be alert to marks of exclusion. The National Children ‘s Bureau and Early Years Equality Organisation have proposed a 6th result, viz. to be equal- feel you belong. The benefits of inclusion for kids in Early Old ages are huge. Children learn to value others and in bend they excessively are valued. Their single demands are catered for and they are able to play in enriched environments, where they can larn about others backgrounds and civilizations. Early Old ages scenes need to hold committedness to inclusive pattern to enable kids to accomplish. Inclusive pattern takes into history the United Nations Convention on the rights of the kid, which stated that all kids and immature people have the right to state what they think about affairs that affect them and that they are taken earnestly. ( ) Equality in Early Old ages is concerned with run intoing the demands of single kids. It includes everyone regardless of ethnicity, civilization, faith, household background, place linguistic communication, larning troubles, disablements, gender or ability. ( MacLeod-Brudenell 2004:257 ) Children are influenced by their place environment, household values and societal factors. Vygotsky described that a kid ‘s development is embedded in society and that they are a meaningful member from birth. ( Fawcett 2009:49 ) Bruner developed a scaffolding attack based on Vygotsky ‘s zones of proximal development, he believed kids learnt within their cultural environment. It is of import therefore to value kids ‘s civilization so that they develop. Bronfenbrenner ‘s ‘systems ‘ suggested that non merely was the kid influenced by immediate household ( micro ) , the wider societal context of school ( meso ) and parents work topographic points and Government ( exo ) besides had an consequence on them. Research into the benefits for kids go toing a high quality preschool proviso was completed by the 2004 Effective Provision of Preschool Education ( EPPE ) Government undertaking which stated the importance of inclusion and recognised the significance of the Early Old ages. It stated that with respect to SEN scenes should supply different larning chances to run into the demands of single kids. ( Fawcett 2009:93 ) EPPE concluded that early intercession was a cardinal factor in bettering kids ‘s cognitive development. This essay will foreground larning troubles and disablements and the Governments scheme to turn to inequality and inclusion. Children who need excess support in countries such as behavioral or emotional, physical or centripetal, address and linguistic communication are said to hold a Particular Educational Need ( SEN ) . The SEN Code of pattern ( Dfes 2001 ) is used by suppliers to guarantee kids with SEN are given support that is required to run into their specific demands. Guidance on how to place, buttocks and ) supply aid is contained in the codification which should be used in concurrence with the commissariats policy for SEN. If a kid had been identified within a scene as holding SEN they are entitled to holding extra programme of support described as Early Old ages Action. Parents are informed throughout and if it becomes necessary to affect professionals, such a address and linguistic communication healers or kid psychologists the kid is so entitled to a programme described as Early Old ages Action Plus. Individual Education Plans ( IEP ) are devised for kids with SEN in scenes to back up and develop single acquisition. These frequently high spot specific countries of concern or developmental demand. Close partnership with parents and professionals impact on kids ‘s acquisition and development frequently ensuing in better passages to other scenes or school entry. Observations and appraisals are valuable in early intercession. However, would it be more valuable for IEP ‘s to go built-in to be aftering for all kids, holding respect for Every Child Matters results and the Early Years Foundation Stage model, which valued individualized acquisition and development. Funding for SEN has increased from ?2.8 billion to ?4.1 billion in the last four old ages, a Parliament publication described, nevertheless there are still kids being allow down by the system which causes defeat to parents, kids schools and local governments. The Education and Skills Act of 2008 stated it was the responsibility of local governments to advance immature peoples ‘ engagement in instruction and preparation. The Warnock study in 1978 introduced the incorporate attack, now known as inclusive attack and statements of SEN. This study was similar to ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ and Every Child Matters because it put the kid at the Centre of its docket and used a squad work attack. However, Warnock suggested in 2005 that unless there was a alteration in precedence given to kids with SEN the enterprise would non accomplish its purpose. Warnock was described by the Disability Rights Commission as saying subdivision 8 of the Human Rights Act which announced kids have â€Å" the right to personal development and right to set up relationships with other human existences and the outside universe † She suggested that the importance for the kid was that they were able to accomplish this, non peculiarly where they achieved it, she believed particular schools were the manner forward for some kids with SEN and non others. Inequalities and neg effects this enterprise aims to turn to†¦ †¦ .. The challenges confronting kids who have Special Educational Needs ( SEN ) are that excessively many kids are waiting excessively long to hold their demands met. Early intercession is hindered by deficiency of support or hapless coordination between professionals. Mainstream scenes are diffident how they will pull off, they may experience ailment equipped, so kids may be turned off. Developing staff accomplishments needs to be a precedence. Particular schools feel they may hold an unsure hereafter. Families face fluctuations in degrees of support that is available to them within their Local Authority. The ‘postcode lottery ‘ that exists demands careful consideration and alteration. The ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ inaugural purposes to raise outlooks and accomplishment through individualized instruction, constructing on what kids already know and can make. It understands the demand for kids to be active scholars. Every Child Matters believed that early intercession was the key to back uping kids with SEN. Using an integrated attack such as Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) the squad of preschool, wellness service, parents and professionals assess the demands of single kids through careful observations. Because it is of import to observe that kids behave otherwise in different state of affairss the CAF would turn out utile for seting all relevant observations together to bring forth an appraisal. Potential impact of enterprise†¦ The inclusive attack to advancing the possible and public assistance of kids with SEN will supply better results for kids. High quality, flexible commissariats who value parental engagement would take to early designation and intercession. It was hoped that the ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ inaugural would supply preparation and academic support for staff. The ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ inaugural believed that over clip the figure of kids go toing particular schools would fall. Increased cognition and capablenesss in mainstream scenes would enable this to go on, nevertheless the Government still accepted some kids needed the instruction provided by particular schools. The University of Cambridge reported in a Parliament publication that there was grounds that kids who would hold antecedently attended particular schools were booming in mainstream instruction. However it besides reported that some instructors and schools felt sick equipped to get by with kids with SEN. Failings†¦ OFSTED, 2004 described there to be a important deficiency of advancement in commissariats refering SEN. A Parliament publication suggested OFSTED had commented â€Å" advancement in larning remains slower than it should be for a important figure of students † Although OFSTED stated the programme raised consciousness of the benefits for inclusion and had made some betterments to pattern, it besides suggested this was merely in a minority of schools it visited. A Parliament publication described how Lord Adonis, the Under Secretary of State for schools and Minister with duty for SEN commented â€Å" the current system is non working absolutely † he suggested that some households were still non having equal support, doing defeat. Research into how the programme has progressed is still merely on a little graduated table, small has been produced to see the societal impact of inclusion on SEN kids and their equals in mainstream schools. A survey by Education Exeter in 2010 will look at friendly relationships and societal interactions with respect to inclusion. This will turn out utile in understanding how much kids are affected by the programme aimed at taking barriers to achievement. A cardinal precedence is developing of the Early Years work force in recognizing SEN and step ining early, nevertheless is increasing funding adequate to do this happen. Harmonizing to Dyson ( cited Lloyd ) is the programme more concerned with bettering National Standards instead than the engagement and inclusion of kids with SEN? Would a alteration in the course of study better suit taking barriers to achievement through developing it to reflect the holistic attack instead than kids accomplishing on a graduated table? P graduated tables are a mandatory portion of educating kids with SEN that are working below flat 1 of the national course of study. The Inclusion development programme which was launched following the ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ is counsel for commissariats concentrating on specific countries of SEN. It gives utile information and counsel for commissariats to better inclusive pattern through preparation stuffs, information refering where to happen specific aid and advice. It is an priceless acquisition resource to enable quality betterment. Through go oning professional development Early Old ages practicians work to place prejudiced pattern for illustration stereotyping, ignorance, bias and fright. ( Jones 2004:15 ) Through placing factors which may discourage inclusion practicians can measure pattern and do betterments. In decision the inaugural ‘removing barriers to achievement ‘ aimed to turn to issues associating to inequality and inclusion. Although the rules of the scheme are clear to assist kids to make their full potency, in world some kids with SEN are still neglecting to accomplish this. The Every Child Matters personalised instruction attack to SEN and a quicker system of appraisal and support will be required to accomplish the schemes aims. It maintained that early intercession was the factor that would find its success as the Surestart programme outlined in the Children ‘s Act 2004. Other factors that need to be addressed are bureaucratism and paperwork, doing certain schools and instructors are equipped to run into kids ‘s demands through preparation and support. It besides needs to measure resources and increased support in order to supply high quality early old ages practicians that value and advance equality and inclusive pattern.

The College Success Course - 646 Words

A quality education ignites a thirst for learning that forms a foundation for an affluent community. Unfortunately, an embarrassing amount of high school graduates of Bogalusa, Louisiana, are not thirsting for higher education. In 2011, City Data reported that 72.9% of adults, aged 25 or older living in Bogalusa, Louisiana, has a high school degree, but only 12.0% of the same population has earned a bachelor’s degree. This is an obvious problem for the individual students who decide not to go to college but the lack of higher education affects the entire community as a whole. Without a bachelor’s degree, students are less likely to be employed, more likely to live in poverty, and are less active citizens of their community. Students with a low level of education are also more likely of welfare dependency and crime. In order to raise the 12% college educated citizens in Bogalusa, high school juniors and seniors of Bogalusa High School should be required to complete a col lege success course before graduation. The ultimate purpose of the College Success course is to teach each junior and senior the benefits of successfully earning a bachelor’s degree and the consequences of choosing not to pursue higher education. This will be accomplished by helping students to define goals and interests, understanding college costs, and planning financially and academically. The first step is for the teacher to prepare a list of questions to help students define goals and interests. ThisShow MoreRelatedStudent Success Course For College1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthis student success course to hopefully become a well rounded student. The greatest take away was the strategies and tools I learned to help me succeed in life and in college as they were essential skills I lacked as a student. 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This course has, so far, granted me with a new attitude towards my overall success. The activities challenge us students, by requiring us to engage and actively research topics that we can i ncorporate into our everyday lives. From the textbook, I have been able to apply a large portion of the material to my everydayRead MoreHigh Rigor Courses At Englewood High School941 Words   |  4 Pageshigh school curriculum is a strong predictor of college success and is positively related to standardized test scores, college enrollment rates, four-year graduation rates and negatively related to remediation rates. 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